What about Social Media?

Social media has become a vital part of our daily lives, changing how we connect, share, and engage with the world. Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok enable us to communicate instantly, bridging distances and fostering a sense of community -or at least that's what we believe...

Through social media, we quickly learn about news and events, often guided by algorithms powered by AI. However, this can be a double-edged sword; misinformation spreads just as fast, challenging us to think critically about what we see online.

For brands, social media is a game-changer. It allows them to reach consumers directly, with influencers playing a key role in shaping buying decisions. People often turn to social media for recommendations, making it essential for businesses today.

However, it's important to recognize the potential downsides. The pressure to present a perfect image can lead to anxiety and feelings of inadequacy, especially among younger users. Striking a balance between online presence and real-life interactions is crucial for our well-being.

In this digital age, social media is both a tool for connection and a challenge to navigate. By understanding its impact, we can make it a force for good in our lives.

Vocabulary related to media

Understanding the vocabulary connected to media is essential in our fast-paced digital world. As media continues to evolve, familiarizing yourself with key terms can greatly enhance your communication skills. Below is a comprehensive look at important media vocabulary, complete with definitions and example sentences.

Key media terms

Term: Meaning    
Example sentences

Media: Refers to the various channels of communication, including newspapers, television, radio, and the internet.

- The media significantly influences public perception, especially during crises.
- In today's fast-paced world, diverse media platforms compete for audience attention.
- Social media has revolutionized how people connect and share information globally.

Broadcast: The process of transmitting information or programs via radio or television.

- The evening broadcast provided a thorough analysis of the day's main events.
- Viewers tuned in for the live broadcast of the award ceremony.
- Radio broadcasts often include news updates and weather reports throughout the day.

Headline: The title of a news article designed to attract interest.

- That shocking headline immediately caught the attention of readers.
- The headline of the article was so captivating that I couldn't resist reading further.
- Many readers choose articles based solely on the impact of the headline.

Journalist: A professional writer who reports news for newspapers, magazines, or online platforms, often conducting interviews and investigations.

- The journalist exposed crucial corruption that affected the upcoming elections.
- A skilled journalist knows how to craft compelling narratives to engage their audience.
- Many journalists face challenges in reporting from conflict zones, risking their safety for the truth.

Interview: A formal discussion where one person asks questions to gather information or opinions.

- The politician's interview highlighted his stance on environmental issues.
- Conducting an interview effectively requires good listening skills and preparation.
- During the interview, the author discussed her creative process and inspirations.

Coverage: The manner and extent to which news stories are reported by various media outlets.

- The expansive coverage of the event underscored its importance in the community.
- National coverage of the disaster helped raise funds for relief efforts.
- Different news outlets provide various perspectives in their coverage of major issues.

Press release: An official statement issued to the media to share information of public interest.

- Following the meeting, the company issued a press release detailing their initiatives.
- The press release announced a significant partnership that would expand the company’s reach.
- Journalists often rely on press releases for the latest updates from organizations.

Digital media: Content created and distributed using digital technology, primarily accessible through the internet.

- Digital media has transformed how audiences engage with news and information.
- Many creators are leveraging (taking advantage of) digital media to reach younger audiences effectively.
- The rise of digital media platforms has allowed for more diverse voices in public discourse.

Multimedia: A combination of various content forms, such as text, images, audio, and video, presented together.

- The multimedia presentation captivated the audience with engaging visuals.
- Students often use multimedia tools to enhance their projects and create compelling narratives.
- News websites increasingly incorporate multimedia elements to inform and engage readers.

Disseminate: To distribute information widely across different platforms.

- NGOs frequently use social media to disseminate health awareness messages.
- The goal of the campaign was to disseminate accurate information about the benefits of vaccination.
- Effective communication strategies are essential to disseminate important updates.

Syndication: The distribution of media content across multiple outlets or platforms.

- The sitcom's syndication allowed it to reach audiences worldwide.
- Syndication helps newspapers offer a wider variety of content without creating all of it in-house.
- Many popular shows benefit from syndication years after their original airing.

Convergence: The merging of various technologies and media platforms into a cohesive system.

- Convergence has significantly altered traditional television viewing preferences.
- As companies evolve, convergence is leading to innovative content delivery methods.
- Consumers enjoy the benefits of convergence as they access multiple media forms on one device.

Exposé: A detailed report that reveals hidden or sensitive information, often tied to scandal.

- The investigative exposé on environmental violations ignited public outrage.
- Journalists often face backlash (strong criticism or negative feedback) for exposé pieces that reveal uncomfortable truths.
- The documentary served as an exposé on the effects of corruption within the industry.

Propaganda: Biased information released to promote a specific political agenda or viewpoint.

- During election season, voters are often bombarded with propaganda from candidates.
- A critical perspective on propaganda helps audiences discern factual information from manipulation.
- Propaganda can shape public opinion and influence political decisions dramatically.

Censorship: The control or suppression of information deemed inappropriate or harmful.

- The book faced heavy censorship, preventing its sale in several countries.
- Censorship can limit freedom of expression and access to diverse viewpoints.
- Many artists resist censorship to preserve their creative freedoms and express their ideas.

Viral: Content that gains rapid popularity and spreads quickly across the internet.

- The viral video achieved millions of views in just a few days.
- Many social media challenges start as viral trends that engage a wide audience.
- Marketers often aim to create viral content to maximize reach and engagement.

User-generated content (UGC): Refers to any form of content -such as text, videos, images, reviews, and audio- that is created and shared by individuals who are not officially affiliated with a brand or organization

- Brands increasingly rely on user-generated content to foster authentic engagement.
- User-generated content can enhance community interaction and loyalty among consumers.
- Platforms like Instagram thrive on user-generated content that showcases personal experiences with products.

Algorithm: A set of calculations or rules used by online platforms to determine content visibility or suggestions for users.

- Grasping the social media algorithm is crucial for improving audience engagement.
- Many content creators study the algorithm to optimize their posts for better visibility.
- Changes in the algorithm can dramatically affect how information is shared and consumed online.

Infographic: A visual representation of data or information designed to make complex material easier to understand.

- The infographic on climate change effectively illustrated critical data points.
- Infographics are often used in presentations to summarize information concisely.
- Educational websites frequently employ infographics to simplify complicated subjects for learners.

Contextualizing media vocabulary

Familiarity with this vocabulary enables more informed discussions about media's role and impact. For example, understanding the difference between digital media and multimedia clarifies the nature of content being referenced, which is especially helpful in marketing or analysis.

Terms like censorship and propaganda highlight ethical considerations within media, prompting deeper discussions on how media shapes public discourse and democratic processes.

Employing precise vocabulary not only enriches your conversations but also enhances your writing. Using terms like exposé and viral can lend a contemporary feel to your text, making it more engaging for your audience.

In a world where information is plentiful yet fragmented, mastering media vocabulary is a valuable asset. This knowledge equips individuals to navigate the intricacies of both consuming and producing media effectively.

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Common mistakes among Spanish speakers learning English: Understanding false friends

Spanish speakers, as myself, often face a variety of challenges when learning English, with common mistakes frequently arising from direct translation and misunderstandings related to "false friends." False friends are words in two languages that look similar but have different meanings, leading to confusion and miscommunication.

The concept of false friends

False friends can create significant barriers in understanding. For instance, the word "actual" in Spanish means "current," while in English it means "real" or "true." A Spanish speaker might mistakenly say, "The actual information is inaccurate," intending to convey that the current information is incorrect. The correct phrase would be, "The current information is inaccurate."

Another example is the word "sensible." In Spanish, "sensible" translates to "sensitive," whereas in English it means "practical" or "reasonable." A learner might say, "She is sensible about her feelings," when trying to express that she is sensitive. The accurate expression would be, "She is sensitive about her feelings."

The word "embarazada" also illustrates this point. In Spanish, it means "pregnant," while in English, "embarrassed" refers to feeling shame or awkwardness. A learner could confuse the two by saying, "She is embarazada," when they mean, "She feels embarrassed."

Other common mistakes

Beyond false friends, Spanish speakers often fall into pitfalls due to direct translation. For example, the phrase "I have 25 years" is a direct translation of "Tengo 25 años." However, the correct English expression is "I am 25 years old," highlighting a crucial difference in how age is expressed.

Another frequent error involves article usage. In English, specificity is important. Saying "The house is big" lacks context, while "This house is big" clarifies which house is being referred to.

Adjective placement also varies between the two languages. In Spanish, adjectives can follow nouns, leading to mistakes like "The car red is fast." The correct formulation in English is "The red car is fast."

Prepositions pose additional challenges. Spanish speakers might say "Depend of," when the correct phrase in English is "Depend on." Such errors occur because prepositional usage can differ greatly between languages.

Pronunciation and tenses

Pronunciation issues are common as well. For example, a learner might say "She is a very good cooker," while the accurate term should be "cook," as "cooker" refers to a kitchen appliance.

Misunderstanding verb tenses can also lead to confusion. A Spanish speaker might say, "I will go yesterday," when they really mean "I went yesterday." This mistake arises from mixing past and future tenses.

All in all, becoming aware of these common mistakes, including false friends and direct translation errors, is crucial for Spanish speakers looking to improve their English. Understanding the differences between the languages can lead to more effective communication and greater fluency. By addressing these challenges, learners can enhance their confidence and competence in English, making mistakes opportunities for growth rather than setbacks. Embracing these complexities is key to achieving mastery in the language.

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What is culture?

Culture is a rich weaving (*) of beliefs, values, behaviours, customs, and objects that define a particular group or society. It shapes our worldview and how we interact with each other, giving us a sense of identity and belonging. Although many associate culture with traditional arts such as music, dance, and literature, it covers much more than these elements...

Components of culture

At its heart, culture consists of several key components:

• Language: Language is our primary means of communication and is essential for transmitting knowledge and values from one generation to the next. Language reflects the unique perspectives and experiences of those who speak it.
• Norms and values: these unwritten rules guide behaviour within a community. Norms dictate what is acceptable, while values represent the beliefs that a group consider
• s important and influence their choices and actions.
• Traditions and rituals: cultural traditions and rituals provide structure to our daily lives, marking important events such as weddings, festivals, and mourning practices. They foster continuity and a sense of community among members of a culture.
• Arts and artefacts: A culture's artistic expressions, such as painting, sculpture, music and literature, reflect its common aesthetic values and experiences. Artefacts, ranging from tools to clothing, reveal practical aspects of daily life and provide historical context.

But, in my personal opinion, sometimes we go overboard with culture; not everything is culture, and culture isn't everything. There has to be something more than culture. I'm referring to a purpose, a kind of `philosophy' and a clear intention to improve our lives, our realities; we are not the centre of the world, no matter how “cultured” we may be, there is more. Culture is one of many factors contributing to our understanding of existence...

All in all, culture is crucial in shaping both individual and collective identity.

(*) A profound interconnectedness of thoughts, experiences, and emotions. It symbolizes the complexity of life and relationships, illustrating how various threads come together to create a cohesive narrative or understanding. In short, rich weaving is more than just a physical craft; it's a metaphor for the complexity and beauty found in human relationships, emotional depth, and cultural diversity.

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Childhood memories and moving house, a writing exercise

Childhood memories are often tinged or touched with nostalgia, especially those related to moving house. Moving from one place to another can cause a mixture of excitement and apprehension. When we are children, the world is vast and unknown, and each new place is a blank painting waiting to be filled with experiences.

Moving often means big changes in our lives. It can bring new friends, schools, and adventures, or at least we imagine and expect that... For example, arriving in a new neighbourhood can make us feel uncertain. Remembering the excitement of exploring a new home, the smells of the neighbourhood, and the sounds of unfamiliar laughter often leave a lasting impression.

However, these moves can also bring about a sense of loss. The friends we leave behind and familiar playgrounds fade into memory, and it takes time to adjust to the new environment. The process of adaptation teaches us resilience and flexibility, valuable lessons that shape our character for the future.

In the end, these experiences become part of the fabric of our lives. They remind us of the impermanent nature of youth and the importance of appreciating each moment, something I really try to embrace... Each move offers a unique opportunity for growth, building a rich collection of memories that we carry with us into adulthood. Is it a trap or a relief to reflect on these as we grow older, standing at the threshold of oblivion? Who knows...".

Some related vocabulary

Nostalgia: A sentimental longing for the past.
Visiting my childhood home filled me with nostalgia.

Relocation: The act of moving to a different place.
Our family's relocation brought both challenges and adventures.

Adaptation: The process of adjusting to new conditions.
Adaptation to a new school was difficult at first but rewarding over time.

Familiarity: The state of being well-acquainted or comfortable with something.
The familiarity of my old neighborhood made me feel safe.

Emotions:     Feelings that arise in response to events.
Moving away stirred up a mix of emotions, from excitement to sadness.

Resilience: The ability to recover from difficulties.
I learned resilience through the challenges of moving to a new city.

Transition: The process of changing from one state or condition to another.
The transition to a new home required us to make new friends.

Exploration: The act of searching for new experiences.
The exploration of my new neighborhood was both thrilling and daunting (intimidating).

Adventure: An exciting or unusual experience.
Each relocation felt like a new adventure waiting to unfold.

Impression: An effect or influence that something leaves on the mind.
The first sight of my new school left a lasting impression on me.

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Discovering my favourite music genres

Music is a universal language that transcends borders and connects people. My musical preferences are divided into several genres, each of which reflects different aspects and moments of my life. Among my favourites are pop, rock, jazz and classical music, which I really enjoy. Although the truth is that I like any style if I consider it to be real music...

Pop music

Pop music is often characterised by catchy melodies and lyrics that are easy to relate to. I like how pop artists can convey emotions and stories in an accessible way. The upbeat rhythms and catchy choruses are perfect for lifting my spirits. I grew up listening to the Beatles, among many others...

Rock music

Rock music, with its powerful guitar riffs and dynamic vocals, appeals to my rebellious side, if I have one... The energy of this genre is unmatched, and I am drawn to its raw emotions. Bands like Queen and The Rolling Stones have created timeless classics that continue to inspire new generations today. Rock music often deals with themes such as love, loss and social issues, which makes it entertaining and stimulating.

Jazz

Jazz is a genre that captivates me with its improvisational nature and complex harmonies. The freedom of expression in jazz allows musicians to unleash their creativity, resulting in unique performances every time.

Clasical music

There are other musical genres that I like and love, and right now I am rediscovering classical music, which has always been important to me. The beautiful melodies and deep emotions in classical pieces create a special listening experience that I truly enjoy. As I explore the works of famous composers like Bach, Vivaldi, Mozart, Debussy, Beethoven...; I am amazed by how each piece tells a story and makes me feel different emotions.

In conclusion, music is a universal language that can connect you with people from all walks of life, transcending cultural and linguistic barriers. It has the power to evoke emotions, tell stories, and create shared experiences.

Some useful links

A music review - Learn English (an exercise)

1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die (For example: https://1001albumsgenerator.com/gbeltranp)

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Schooling and education in Spain: A comparative perspective with a focus on the Valencian Community

Spain's education system stands out due to its distinctive structure and rich cultural influences. It consists of several key stages: Infantil for preschool, Primaria for primary education, Secundaria for secondary education, and Bachillerato, which prepares students for university. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 16, covering both primary and secondary levels. This framework reflects not only the country's commitment to education but also its diverse cultural heritage.

In the Valencian Community, education is deeply shaped by the region's unique linguistic and cultural identity. Here, students learn in both Spanish and Valencian, the local language, showcasing the community's dedication to preserving its linguistic heritage. This bilingual approach is quite different from countries like France, where the national language takes precedence and regional languages receive less institutional backing.

The structure of secondary education in Spain, including the Valencian Community, also sets itself apart from many other European countries. Once students finish Secundaria, they have the option to follow one of two paths: the Bachillerato, which prepares them for university, or vocational training, which leads directly to employment. This division is reminiscent of the German education system, where students are guided toward either academic or vocational tracks based on their skills and interests.

When it comes to assessment (*) or evaluation, Spain utilizes a system of continuous evaluation, allowing students to receive grades throughout the year instead of depending solely on final exams. This method is similar to the practices found in Scandinavian countries, which emphasize formative assessments to enhance student learning.

Additionally, Spain's higher education system is shaped by the Bologna Process, which helps align it with other European universities regarding degree structure and quality standards. However, the shift from secondary to higher education can be quite competitive, as entrance exams play a crucial role in determining university placements, much like the systems in the United Kingdom.

In conclusion, while Spain shares some educational principles with other countries, the Valencian Community's bilingual education, regional identity, dual pathways in secondary education, and continuous assessment methods create a distinctive educational landscape. Understanding these differences is crucial for appreciating the complexities of schooling in Spain compared to other nations.

Some related vocabulary: https://langeek.co/en/vocab/subcategory/935/word-list

(*) Assessment refers to the systematic process of evaluating a student's knowledge, skills, abilities, and overall performance in an educational setting. It serves multiple purposes, including measuring student learning, providing feedback, guiding instructional decisions, and ensuring accountability within the education system.

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An analysis of divorce rates in Spain

Presently the second highest in Europe 

The divorce rate in Spain, currently the second highest in Europe, is around 60% for first marriages, according to recent statistics. This figure highlights a significant change in society's attitude towards marriage and divorce in recent decades.

To understand the reasons behind this trend, it is necessary to examine various factors more closely, including cultural changes, generational changes, and the evolving nature of family relationships.  

Cultural changes and acceptance

Historically, divorce was stigmatised in Spain, deeply rooted in traditional values and the influence of the Catholic Church. However, since the legalisation of divorce in 1981, social perceptions have changed dramatically. Acceptance of divorce has increased, and many now view it as a viable option for couples facing irreconcilable differences. For example, a survey conducted in 2023 revealed that 75% of Spaniards believe divorce is a normal part of life, reflecting a significant cultural shift.

Generational changes  

Although close family ties remain a characteristic feature of Spanish culture, the way families work is changing. Parents are increasingly supportive of their children's relationship choices, including the decision to divorce. This support can ease the emotional burden associated with separation, making it easier for people to divorce when necessary. For example, one study found that 65% of divorced people reported receiving emotional support from their families during the process, highlighting the importance of family relationships in coping with such transitions.

Legal reforms

Legal reforms have also played a crucial role in increasing divorce rates. The introduction of the ‘Divorce Act’ in 2005 simplified the divorce process, allowing for quicker and less contentious separations. This law allowed couples to file for divorce without the need for a long period of separation, making it more accessible. As a result, the number of divorces increased significantly, with a 20% increase in divorce applications during the first year of the law's implementation.

Conclusion

In summary, Spain's high divorce rates can be attributed to a combination of cultural acceptance, generational changes, evolving family dynamics, and legal reforms. As social norms continue to evolve, these trends are likely to persist, reflecting a broader understanding of personal fulfilment and the complexities of modern relationships. The landscape of marriage and divorce in Spain provides an interesting case study of how cultural and social factors influence individual decisions and social trends. 

More info at: https://ine.es/dyngs/Prensa/en/ENSD2024.htm

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Squatters in Spain: Legal framework, rights, and current challenges

In Spain, the issue of squatters ("okupas"), or illegal occupants, has become increasingly controversial, especially in urban areas facing a significant housing shortage. The legal landscape surrounding illegal occupation has undergone changes, particularly with the implementation of the Anti-Squatter Law 2025. This legislation aims to speed up the eviction process for property owners, allowing evictions to take place within 48 hours if it is proven that the property is not the squatters' primary residence. In addition, the law gives the police the authority to intervene without prior judicial authorization in clear cases of illegal occupation, thus addressing the bureaucratic delays that have historically hindered landlords.

However, despite these legal improvements, several challenges remain. The judicial system remains overwhelmed, causing significant delays in cases that do not qualify for immediate eviction. In addition, escalating housing prices have worsened the problem, forcing more people to resort to illegal occupation as a last option. Critics of the new legislation argue that it may disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, as it does not penalize poverty but focuses on organized illegal occupation. This has raised alarm among human rights activists, who fear that the law could lead to the eviction of families without providing them with adequate housing alternatives.

The conflict between property rights and the need for affordable housing continues to fuel debate in Spain. Although the government has committed to increasing the availability of social housing, current initiatives are failing to meet growing demand. As a result, the issue of squatters remains a significant social and legal challenge, highlighting the wide economic inequalities that exist in Spanish society.

Key aspects of housing affordability

Housing affordability typically refers to the ability of individuals or families to afford housing without sacrificing other essential needs. A common benchmark is that housing costs should not exceed 30% of a household's income.

Causes:

- Rising property prices: Increased demand for housing, often driven by population growth and urbanization, can lead to higher property prices.

- Stagnant wages: In many areas, wages have not kept pace with rising housing costs, making it difficult for individuals to afford homes.

- Limited supply: A shortage of affordable housing units can exacerbate the problem, particularly in desirable locations.

Consequences:

- Increased homelessness: As housing becomes less affordable, more individuals and families may find themselves at risk of homelessness.

- Economic strain: High housing costs can lead to financial stress, affecting overall economic stability and consumer spending.

- Social inequality: Housing affordability issues often disproportionately affect low-income families and marginalized communities, leading to greater social inequality.

Potential solutions:

- Policy interventions: Governments can implement policies such as rent control, housing subsidies, and zoning reforms to increase the availability of affordable housing.

- Community development: Investing in community development projects can help create more affordable housing options.

- Public-Private partnerships: Collaborations between government and private developers can lead to innovative solutions for affordable housing.

Housing affordability remains a complex issue that requires coordinated efforts from various stakeholders (any individual, group, or organization that has an interest in or is affected by a particular issue, project, or decision), including governments, non-profits, and the private sector, to address effectively.

Vocabulary

- Okupa (Squatter): A person who unlawfully occupies an empty building or land.

Example: The city has seen an increase in okupas taking over abandoned properties.

- Eviction: The legal process of removing a tenant or occupant from a property.

Example: The landlord initiated the eviction process after the okupas refused to leave.

- Property rights: Legal rights to own, use, and manage property.

Example: Property rights are essential for maintaining order in real estate transactions.

- Legal framework: The system of laws and regulations that govern a particular area.

Example: The legal framework surrounding squatting has changed significantly in recent years.

- Bureaucratic delays: Slow processes caused by administrative procedures.

Example: Bureaucratic delays often hinder timely evictions of okupas.

- Affordable housing: Housing that is reasonably priced and accessible to low-income individuals.

Example: The government is under pressure to provide more affordable housing options.

- Social inequality: The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among different social groups.

Example: The rise of okupas highlights the issue of social inequality in urban areas.

- Homelessness: The state of having no home or permanent residence.

Example: Many okupas are individuals who have experienced homelessness due to rising rents.

- Judicial approval: Official permission from a court or legal authority.

Example: The police can act without judicial approval in cases of immediate illegal occupation.

- Vulnerable populations: Groups of people who are at a higher risk of experiencing social or economic disadvantages.

Example: Vulnerable populations often resort to squatting when they cannot find affordable housing.

 

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Funny videos: The day Sir Michael Caine had to kiss uninterruptedly Michelle Pfeiffer

A new section in Focus on Learning English...

I quite liked this interview with the famous actor Michel Kaine, well, Sir Michal Kaine. This is a scene in which Michell Kaine has to kiss Michell Pfeiffer for about 25 minutes... Here it is (Linkedin content):

El día que Sir #MichaelCaine tuvo que besar ininterrumpidamente a #MichellePfeiffer durante más de 20 minutos... 😅 pic.twitter.com/adbYz4cxZZ

— Doctor Frusna (@doctorfrusna) July 10, 2025

Some vocabulary terms related to movie-making situations, along with examples similar to this video:

Behind the Scenes: The unseen aspects of film production.

Example: "Behind the scenes: The moment the crew had to improvise when the main actor forgot his lines."

Bloopers: Mistakes or humorous moments that occur during filming.

Example: "Bloopers: The time the cast couldn't stop laughing during a serious scene."

Casting Call: An audition for actors to be selected for roles in a film.

Example: "Casting call: The day when hundreds of hopefuls lined up to audition for the lead role."

Wrap Party: A celebration held after the completion of filming.

Example: "Wrap party: The night the cast and crew celebrated their hard work with a surprise dance-off."

Green Screen: A special effects technique used to replace backgrounds.

Example: "Green screen: The moment when the actor hilariously reacted to a non-existent dragon."

Script Read: A session where actors read through the script together.

Example: "Script read: The day the cast discovered their characters had unexpected romantic connections."

Director's Cut: A version of the film that reflects the director's vision.

Example: "Director's cut: The version where the director added a surprise twist that left everyone speechless."

Location Scouting: The process of finding suitable places to film.

Example: "Location scouting: The adventure of finding the perfect beach, only to be interrupted by a sudden rainstorm."

Stunt Coordination: Planning and executing stunts safely.

Example: "Stunt coordination: The day the stunt double accidentally outperformed the lead actor."

Premiere Night: The first public showing of a film.

Example: "Premiere night: The moment the audience erupted in laughter during an unexpected scene." 

How to embebed a Linkedin video

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Brexit's ongoing effects: A five-year review

The term “Brexit” is an acronym combining ‘Britain’ (United Kingdom) and “exit”. It refers specifically to the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union, which was formalized through a referendum held on June 23, 2016. The word gained popularity during the pre-referendum campaign and has since become widely used in discussions about the political, economic and social implications of the UK's exit from the EU

Five years after the UK officially left the European Union on January 31, 2020, the effects of Brexit continue to shape the nation. Initially, the UK maintained access to the EU single market and customs union for 11 months, but the departure has since led to significant changes in various sectors.

Trade

Exiting the EU's single market has negatively affected the UK's trade in goods, despite a free trade agreement that avoided tariffs. New “non-tariff barriers” such as complex paperwork (the dreaded red tape) have made trade more difficult, especially for small businesses. While some studies point to a 30% drop in goods exports, others indicate only a 6% reduction. The Office for Budget Responsibility predicts a long-term decline in trade and the size of the economy due to Brexit.

Immigration

The Brexit has ended freedom of movement for EU citizens, leading to a decrease in EU immigration. However, net immigration from non-EU countries has increased, driven by work visas and international students. The new immigration system requires visas for both EU and non-EU citizens, except for the Irish.

Travel

British travelers will no longer be able to use EU corridors at borders and will be required to obtain travel authorizations to visit EU countries from 2025. This change, along with the introduction of an electronic entry system, may lead to longer waiting times at borders.

Laws

The UK gained legal sovereignty, allowing it to make its own laws. Thousands of EU laws remained, but the government plans to review and possibly abolish many. Some changes have already taken place, such as new rules on animal exports and tax laws.

Money

The UK no longer contributes to the EU budget, resulting in a net fiscal benefit estimated at £9 billion per year. However, the UK continues to meet its financial obligations under the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement and has rejoined the Horizon research funding program.

In conclusion: as the UK navigates the post-Brexit scenario, the implications of this historic decision continue to be debated and analyzed, with potential changes to relations with the EU on the horizon.

For more information on the Brexit, visit these links:

- Five key impacts of Brexit five years on
- What is Brexit?

Vocabulary related to Brexit

- Brexit: The term used to describe the United Kingdom's (UK) exit from the European Union (EU).

Example: Brexit has led to significant changes in trade agreements between the UK and EU countries.

- Referendum: A direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal and can result in the adoption of a new law or policy.

Example: The 2016 referendum on Brexit saw 52% of voters choosing to leave the EU.

- Withdrawal Agreement: The legal document that outlines the terms of the UK's departure from the EU.

Example: The Withdrawal Agreement was finalized after lengthy negotiations between the UK and EU leaders.

- Transition Period: A period following the official exit during which the UK and EU negotiated their future relationship.

Example: During the transition period, the UK continued to follow EU rules while discussions about future trade deals took place.

- Hard Brexit: A scenario where the UK leaves the EU without any agreements in place, resulting in a complete break.

Example: Many businesses feared the economic consequences of a hard Brexit, which could disrupt supply chains.

- Soft Brexit: A scenario where the UK maintains close ties with the EU, possibly remaining in the single market or customs union.

Example: Supporters of a soft Brexit argue that it would minimize disruptions to trade and travel.

- Customs Union: An agreement between countries to not impose tariffs on each other's goods and to have a common external tariff on imports.

Example: The debate over whether the UK should remain in the customs union was a key issue during 

Brexit negotiations

- Single Market: An economic system in which goods, services, capital, and people can move freely between member states.

Example: Leaving the single market means the UK will face new trade barriers with EU countries.

- Backstop: A safety net provision in the Withdrawal Agreement aimed at preventing a hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

Example: The backstop was a contentious issue that delayed the finalization of the Brexit deal.

- Article 50: The treaty provision that outlines the process for a member state to withdraw from the EU.

Example: The UK government triggered Article 50 in March 2017, officially starting the Brexit process.

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Goodbye, Facebook: a change in our relationship with social media

In recent years, we have witnessed a significant change in the way people interact with social media. Facebook, one of the largest and oldest platforms, has been the subject of criticism and re-evaluation by its users, myself included. Let's take a look at the reasons why many people are saying goodbye to Facebook.

Privacy concerns

One of the most cited reasons for leaving Facebook is growing concern about privacy. Scandals related to data management and lack of transparency have led many to question the security of their personal information.

Information overload

The amount of content shared on Facebook can be overwhelming. Many users feel that the platform has become a sea of irrelevant information, making it difficult to find meaningful content.

Impact on mental health

Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can contribute to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. Constantly comparing oneself to the seemingly perfect lives of others can affect self-esteem and emotional well-being.

Changing priorities

As people evolve, so do their interests and priorities. Some users have decided that it is time to focus on more meaningful relationships in real life, rather than virtual interactions.

Emerging alternatives

With the rise of new platforms and apps, many users are exploring alternatives that offer a different approach to social interaction. Apps such as Instagram, TikTok, or more privacy-focused platforms such as Signal and Telegram are gaining popularity. But I think they are not for me....

In conclude, the decision to say goodbye to Facebook reflects a broader shift in how people interact with social media. Concerns about privacy, the overwhelming volume of content, and the negative impact on mental health have led many users to reconsider their presence on the platform. As priorities shift, people are increasingly seeking more meaningful and real connections rather than virtual interactions. While emerging alternatives offer new ways to connect, they may not be to everyone's liking. Ultimately, this trend highlights the importance of finding a social media experience that aligns with your values and promotes your overall well-being. Is it possible?... I really don't know...

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About control and controlling behaviour

Rachel has asked me to write about controlling people In my opinion, there are two different topics or issues: control and controlling behaviour. So, let's go...

What is control?

Control can refer to several concepts depending on the context:

• General definition: Control is the power to influence or direct the behaviour of people or the course of events. It involves the ability to manage, regulate or command something.
• Psychology: In psychology, control is often related to an individual's perception of their ability to influence their environment or the outcomes of their life. This can include concepts such as locus of control (*), which refers to the extent to which individuals believe they can control events that affect them.
• Management and business: In a business context, control refers to the processes and systems that organisations use to ensure that their objectives are met. This includes performance measurement, feedback mechanisms and corrective measures.
• Engineering and systems: In engineering, control refers to the methods used to manage the behaviour of dynamic systems. Control systems are designed to regulate the performance of a system in order to achieve the desired performance.
• Social and political contexts: Control can also refer to the power exercised by authorities or institutions over individuals or groups, including the mechanisms of social control that regulate behaviour within societies.
• Personal control: At the personal level, control can refer to self-regulation and the ability to manage one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviours in various situations.

Each of these definitions highlights different aspects of control, but they all share the common theme of influence and regulation.

What does controlling behaviour mean?

Controlling behaviour refers to actions or patterns of behaviour in which an individual seeks to dominate or manipulate another person or situation. This can manifest itself in various contexts, including personal relationships, workplaces, and social interactions. Let's look at some key aspects of controlling behaviour:

- Manipulation: People who exhibit controlling behaviour may use manipulative tactics to influence the thoughts, feelings, or actions of others. This may include making the other person feel guilty, psychologically manipulating them, or using emotional appeals to achieve their goals.

- Domination: Controlling behaviour often involves a desire to exercise power or authority over others. This can manifest itself in making decisions for another person, dictating how they should act, or undermining their autonomy.

- Control and surveillance: A controlling person may excessively monitor or surveil another person's activities, communications, or whereabouts. This can create a sense of mistrust and invasion of privacy.

- Restriction of freedom: Controlling behaviour can restrict a person's freedom to make decisions or express themselves. This may include dictating who they can associate with, what they can wear, or how they should spend their time.

- Emotional abuse: In some cases, controlling behaviour can escalate into emotional or psychological abuse, in which the controlling person uses fear, intimidation, or humiliation to maintain power over the other person.

- Impact on relationships: Controlling behaviour can lead to unhealthy dynamics in relationships, causing feelings of resentment, frustration, and mistrust. It can also make the controlled person feel powerless or dependent.

Recognising controlling behaviour is important for maintaining healthy relationships and personal boundaries. It is essential that people openly communicate their feelings and seek support if they find themselves in a controlling situation.

Vocabulary Related to Control

- Autonomy: The ability to make one's own choices and decisions. Example: "She values her autonomy and prefers to make her own decisions without interference."

- Influence: The capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something. Example: "His positive attitude had a significant influence on the team's morale." 

- Regulation: The act of controlling or managing something according to rules or principles. Example: "The regulation of workplace safety is essential to protect employees." 

- Authority: The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience. Example: "The manager has the authority to approve budget changes." 

- Self-regulation: The ability to control one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in the face of temptations and impulses. Example: "Practicing mindfulness can improve self-regulation and help manage stress."

Vocabulary Related to Controlling Behavior

- Manipulation: The act of influencing someone in a clever or unscrupulous way. Example: "His manipulation of the situation made her feel guilty for wanting to leave."

- Domination: The exercise of control or influence over someone or something. Example: "Her domination in the relationship left him feeling powerless and frustrated."

- Surveillance: Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal. Example: "The constant surveillance of her phone messages made her feel invaded."

- Coercion: The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats. Example: "He felt that his boss's coercion to work overtime was unfair."

- Emotional Abuse: A form of abuse characterized by a person’s behavior that manipulates, intimidates, or belittles another person. Example: "Her partner's emotional abuse left her feeling isolated and insecure."

- Dependency: A state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else. Example: "His controlling behavior created a dependency that made it hard for her to leave the relationship."

- Gaslighting: A form of psychological manipulation that seeks to make a person doubt their perceptions, memories, or reality. Example: "He was gaslighting her by denying things he had said, making her question her own memory."

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