Adverbs of manner, a small tutorial

Adverbs of manner are words that describe how an action is performed. They provide additional context to verbs, allowing speakers and writers to transmit connotations or nuances in behavior, attitude, and style. By answering the question "how?", these adverbs enrich the meaning of sentences and improve communication.

The use of adverbs of manner is crucial in English as they add depth and clarity to expressions. They help to create vivid images and emotional impact, making language more engaging and precise. Mastery of these adverbs can significantly improve both spoken and written communication, allowing for more effective storytelling and argumentation.

This tutorial will explore the various types of adverbs of manner, their placement within sentences, common mistakes associated with their use, and strategies for effective application. By the end, you will have a comprehensive understanding of how to utilize adverbs of manner to enhance your English proficiency.

Types of adverbs of manner

Regular adverbs

Examples: slowly, quickly, carefully

- How they modify verbs: Regular adverbs typically modify verbs by providing information about the manner in which an action is performed. For instance, in the sentence "She runs quickly," the adverb "quickly" describes how she runs.

- Commonly used in everyday language: These adverbs are frequently employed in daily conversations and writing, making them essential for effective communication.

Irregular adverbs

Examples: well, badly, far

- How they may not follow typical adverb  patterns: Unlike regular adverbs, irregular adverbs do not conform to standard formation rules. For example, "well" is the adverbial form of "good," which can be confusing for learners.

- How they add variety to language: The inclusion of irregular adverbs enriches language, providing speakers with diverse options to express actions and states.

Adverbs ending in -ly

Examples: happily, quietly, gently

- How they are formed: Many adverbs of manner are formed by adding the suffix "-ly" to adjectives. For example, "happy" becomes "happily."

- How they can make writing more descriptive: Adverbs ending in -ly often enhance descriptions, allowing writers to convey emotions and actions with greater specificity.

Placement of adverbs of manner

Before the main verb

Example: She quickly ran to the store.

- Emphasis on the adverb: Placing the adverb before the verb emphasizes the manner of the action, drawing attention to how it is performed.

- Common placement in everyday speech: This placement is typical in conversational English, making it a natural choice for speakers.

After the main verb

Example: He played the piano beautifully.

- How it  can change the emphasis of the sentence: When adverbs are placed after the verb, they can shift the focus to the action itself rather than the manner, creating a different nuance.

- Placement in formal writing: This structure is often preferred in formal writing, where clarity and precision are paramount.

In the middle of a verb phrase

Example: She will carefully consider the proposal.

- How adverbs can split verb phrases: Adverbs can be inserted within verb phrases, which can add emphasis and alter the rhythm of the sentence.

- Effect on sentence flow and meaning: This placement can enhance the flow of a sentence, making it more dynamic and engaging.

Common mistakes with adverbs of manner

Confusing adjectives and adverbs

Example: She sang beautiful.

- How to differentiate between the two: Adjectives modify nouns, while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. The correct form in this case would be "beautifully."

- Importance of using the correct form: Using the appropriate form is essential for grammatical accuracy and clarity in communication.

Overusing adverbs

Example: He slowly walked slowly down the street.

- How repetition can weaken writing: Overusing adverbs can lead to redundancy and weaken the impact of writing. It is important to choose adverbs judiciously.

- Strategies for avoiding overuse: Writers should aim for variety in their language and consider whether the adverb adds significant value to the sentence.

Here’s a list of common adverbs of manner in English, categorized for easier reference:

Common adverbs of manner

Adverb      Meaning/Usage                       

Quickly     In a fast manner                           

Slowly      In a leisurely or unhurried manner        

Carefully   With attention to detail; cautiously       

Easily      Without difficulty                          

Happily     In a joyful or cheerful manner             

Sadly       In a sorrowful manner                      

Loudly      With a high volume                         

Quietly     In a soft or subdued manner                

Gently      With a soft touch; mildly                  

Badly       In a poor or unsatisfactory manner         

Well        In a good or satisfactory manner           

Bravely     In a courageous manner                     

Boldly      In a confident and daring manner           

Carelessly  Without care; in a negligent manner        

Rudely      In an impolite or disrespectful manner     

Sharply     In a sudden or abrupt manner               

Smoothly  Without problems; in a seamless manner     

Quickly     In a fast manner                           

Fiercely    In a strong or intense manner              

Eagerly    With enthusiasm or readiness                

Slightly    To a small degree; a little                

Thoroughly  In a complete and detailed manner          

Neatly      In an orderly and tidy manner              

Clumsily    In an awkward or ungraceful manner  

This list includes a variety of adverbs of manner that can be used to describe actions in different contexts. Feel free to expand upon this list as you encounter more adverbs in your studies!

More info

- Adverbs of Manner List

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Work-related Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal Verbs III

As we have already seen, phrasal verbs are an integral part of the English language, also in professional contexts. They consist of a verb combined with one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs) that modify the meaning of the original verb. Mastering these expressions can considerably improve your fluency and comprehension, especially in the workplace. We are going to look at several phrasal verbs commonly used in professional environments, with their definitions and examples. Let's get started!

Carry Out

To perform or complete a task or duty.

Example: "The team was able to carry out the project ahead of schedule, impressing the management with their efficiency."

Follow Up

To pursue or check on something after an initial action or communication.

Example: "After the meeting, I will follow up with the clients to ensure they received the proposal."

Take On

To accept a responsibility or a new task.

Example: "She decided to take on additional responsibilities to demonstrate her commitment to the company."

Look Into

To investigate or examine a situation or issue.

Example: "The HR department will look into the complaints raised by employees regarding workplace safety."

Bring Up

To introduce a topic for discussion.

Example: "During the meeting, he brought up the need for a new marketing strategy to boost sales."

Step Down

To resign from a position or reduce one's level of responsibility.

Example: "After years of dedicated service, the CEO announced that he would step down at the end of the year."

Run By

To present an idea or plan to someone for their approval or feedback.

Example: "Before finalizing the budget, I want to run it by the finance team to ensure everything is in order."

Set Up

To establish or arrange something, such as a meeting or a system.

Example: "We need to set up a conference call to discuss the project with the remote team."

Get Ahead

To advance in one's career or achieve success.

Example: "Networking is essential if you want to get ahead in this competitive industry."

Put Off

To postpone or delay an action or decision.

Example: "We cannot put off the decision any longer; we need to finalize the contract by the end of the week."

As a conclusion, phrasal verbs are not only prevalent in everyday conversation, but they are also crucial in professional communication.

Understanding and using these expressions can improve your ability to convey ideas clearly and effectively in the workplace. As you improve your English language skills, adding phrasal verbs to your vocabulary will undoubtedly contribute to your overall proficiency and confidence in a professional environment. 

And one more thing: try to write down these phrasal verbs with new examples on a notebook. This practice will enhance your understanding and retention of the language!

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The origins and evolution of the Phrasal verbs in English

Phrasal verbs (II)

Phrasal verbs in English are combinations of verbs with prepositions or adverbs that create a meaning different from the original verb, as we know. Their origins can be traced back to several linguistic developments:

- Old and Middle English: Many phrasal verbs have roots in Old and Middle English, where verbs were often combined with particles to modify their meanings. For example, "give up" (to surrender) can be traced back to earlier forms of English.

- Germanic roots: English is a Germanic language, and many phrasal verbs have parallels in other Germanic languages. The use of particles to modify verbs is a common feature in Germanic languages, which influenced the development of English.
+ info

- Influence of other languages: The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a significant amount of Norman French vocabulary into English, but the structure of phrasal verbs remained predominantly Germanic. However, the interaction with Latin and French also contributed to the richness of English vocabulary.

- Evolution of meaning: Over time, the meanings of phrasal verbs have evolved. For instance, "take off" originally meant to remove something but has also come to mean when an aircraft leaves the ground.

- Colloquial usage: Phrasal verbs are often more informal and conversational than their single-word counterparts. This has made them popular in everyday speech, contributing to their proliferation in modern English.

- Cultural and social influences: As English has evolved, so have its phrasal verbs, influenced by cultural changes, technological advancements, and social interactions.
 

Overall, the origins of phrasal verbs in English reflect a combination of historical linguistic developments, cultural influences, and the natural evolution of language.

 For more information, visit the following links:

• https://inglespodcast.com/2020/09/27/a-brief-history-of-phrasal-verbs-airc331/-
• https://www.academia.edu/37143329/The_English_Phrasal_Verb_1650_Present_History_Stylistic_Drifts_and_Lexicalisation
• https://www.csun.edu/science/ref/language/german-latin-english.html 

 

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Phrasal Verbs (I): An Introduction

Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and one or more particles, which can be prepositions or adverbs. The meaning of a phrasal verb often differs from the meanings of the individual words. For example, "give up" means to stop trying, while "give" and "up" have different meanings on their own.

They are a bit of an awkwardness for Spanish students, but no matter: we're going to 'deal with them'! So let's begin.

Importance of Phrasal Verbs

Natural communication: Phrasal verbs are commonly used in everyday English, making speech and writing sound more natural and fluent. Native speakers often prefer them over their more formal equivalents.

Expressiveness: They can convey specific meanings and emotions that might not be captured by a single verb. For instance, "look into" (to investigate) has a different nuance than just "look."

Contextual understanding: Phrasal verbs can change meaning based on context. For example, "take off" can mean to remove something (like clothing) or for an airplane to leave the ground. Understanding these nuances is crucial for effective communication.

Cultural insight: Learning phrasal verbs can provide insights into cultural aspects of English-speaking countries, as they often reflect idiomatic expressions and colloquial language.

Improved Comprehension: Many English texts, especially informal ones, use phrasal verbs. Knowing them helps in understanding conversations, movies, and books better.

Examples of Common Phrasal Verbs:

- Break down: to stop functioning (e.g., "My car broke down.")

- Run into: to meet someone unexpectedly (e.g., "I ran into an old friend.")

- Turn up: to appear or arrive (e.g., "He turned up late to the meeting.")

In summary, mastering phrasal verbs is essential for achieving a high level of fluency in English. They enhance your ability to communicate effectively and understand the language as it is used in real-life situations. That's the reason why we're going to talk more about them...

See you soon!

More examples of common Phrasal Verbs

- Bring up - To mention a topic (e.g., "She brought up an interesting point during the meeting.")

- Call off - To cancel something (e.g., "They called off the event due to bad weather.")

- Carry on - To continue (e.g., "Please carry on with your work.")

- Come across - To find or discover by chance (e.g., "I came across an old friend at the store.")

- Get along - To have a good relationship (e.g., "I get along well with my colleagues.")

- Give up - To stop trying or doing something (e.g., "He decided to give up smoking.")

- Look after - To take care of (e.g., "Can you look after my dog while I'm away?")

- Make up - To invent a story or excuse (e.g., "She made up an excuse for being late.")

- Take off - To remove something (e.g., "Please take off your shoes before entering.")

 - Turn down - To reject or refuse (e.g., "She turned down the job offer.")

- Work out - To solve a problem or find a solution (e.g., "We need to work out the details of the project.")

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The complex legacy of Bullfighting: tradition, art and controversy

Bullfighting has deep historical roots in Spain and has evolved into a significant aspect of national identity, representing a cultural legacy that extends to various other countries

Bullfighting, a traditional Spanish sport, consists of three bullfighters who fight in the bullring (Plaza de toros) two bulls each and finish by killing them. The matadors ('toreros') perform in order of seniority, with the most senior matador participating in the first and fourth bullfights, followed by the second most senior matador in the second and fifth, and the least senior matador in the third and sixth. If a matador is injured or suffers a goring (wound), the most senior matador must take his place.

Bullfighting has its roots in the ceremony of the alternativa, which is a traditional ceremony. The role and responsibilities of a matador include preparing for the fight, performing various techniques and dealing with controversial issues such as animal rights and cultural differences. To succeed, bullfighters need physical fitness, mental discipline and years of practice.

Types of bullfights

There are two types of bullfights: the bullfight on foot and the ‘corrida de rejones’. The bullfight on foot involves professional bullfighters fighting bulls of 4 to 5 years of age, while the novillada with picadors involves semi-professional bullfighters fighting bulls of 3 to 4 years of age. In the novillada without picadors, semi-professional bullfighters take part with bulls of 2 to 3 years of age without picadors. In the ‘corrida de rejones’, a matador, called a ‘rejoneador’, fights the bull on horseback. The matador on foot looks more elegant, while the rejoneador wears a more casual, country costume, including a dark waistcoat, brown leather chaps and a wide, straight-brimmed hat.

Bullfighting is a sport and an art form that is deeply rooted in Spanish culture and traditions.

It has passionate critics who view it as a very cruel practice involving animals, as well as real admirers (aficionados). Political parties and animal protection organizations are even making serious moves to outlaw bullfighting in Spain.

Personally, I do not share the enthusiasm for bullfighting, even if I appreciate the traditions and am aware that bullfighters also put their lives in danger.

Related vocabulary with examples

- Plaza de toros (bullring): A bullring is an arena specifically designed for bullfighting, typically circular or oval in shape, where the bullfight takes place. It is often surrounded by tiered seating for spectators and may feature various architectural styles, reflecting the cultural heritage of the region.

Example: The historic plaza de toros in Madrid is renowned for its stunning architecture and is a popular location for major bullfighting events.

- Matador: A bullfighter who is the main performer in a bullfight.  
 
Example: The matador displayed incredible skill and bravery as he faced the charging bull.

- Corrida: A Spanish term for a bullfight.  
 
Example: The corrida is a traditional event that attracts many spectators each year.

- Aficionado: A person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a particular subject, in this case, bullfighting.  
 
Example: As an aficionado of bullfighting, he could explain the intricacies of each technique used by the matadors.

- Goring: The act of a bull injuring a bullfighter with its horns.  

Example: The risk of goring is a constant threat that every matador must face in the ring.

- Tradition: A long-established custom or belief that is passed down through generations.  

Example: Bullfighting is a tradition that has been part of Spanish culture for centuries.

- Ceremony: A formal event or ritual.  

Example: The alternativa ceremony marks the transition of a novice bullfighter to a full matador.

- Controversial: Likely to cause public disagreement or controversy.  

Example: Bullfighting is a controversial practice, with many arguing for its abolition due to animal rights concerns.

- Cultural legacy: The traditions, values, and practices that are passed down from one generation to another within a culture.  

Example: The cultural legacy of bullfighting is evident in the festivals and celebrations held throughout Spain.

- Physical fitness: The condition of being physically healthy and strong.  

Example: Bullfighters must maintain high levels of physical fitness to perform their demanding routines.

- Ethical issues: Moral questions or dilemmas regarding what is right or wrong.  

Example: The ethical issues surrounding bullfighting have led to heated debates among animal rights activists and traditionalists.

- Semi-professional: A person who engages in a profession part-time or at a less advanced level than a full professional.  

Example: The novillada features semi-professional bullfighters who are still honing their skills.

- Art form: A creative activity that is considered to have artistic value.  

Example: Many view bullfighting as an art form that combines athleticism with theatrical performance.

 

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The vital role of sleep in health and happiness

In today's fast-paced technological world, the importance of sleep is often ignored. However, recent research highlights the crucial role sleep plays in maintaining both health and happiness. Sleep is not simply a period of rest; it is a dynamic process essential for a variety of bodily functions. Physiologically, sleep is vital for strengthening the immune system, facilitating cell repair and consolidating memories. When people do not get enough sleep, they run the risk of developing serious health problems, such as obesity and diabetes, mainly due to hormonal imbalances that affect appetite and metabolism.

As well as its physiological importance, sleep has profound psychological implications. Quality sleep is essential for emotional regulation and cognitive functioning. Insufficient sleep can increase levels of stress, anxiety and depression, creating a vicious cycle that further impairs sleep quality. Cognitive functions such as attention, problem solving and decision-making are also negatively affected, resulting in decreased productivity and deterioration in both academic and professional performance.

In addition, sleep is a critical component of mental health recovery. Therapeutic interventions for disorders such as anxiety and depression often emphasise the establishment of healthy sleep patterns. For example, cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has been shown to be effective in improving sleep quality, which in turn improves overall mental health.

The social consequences of sleep deprivation

The social implications of sleep loss are likewise significant. The effects of inadequate sleep extend beyond the individual and influence social dynamics and community well-being. Sleep- deprived individuals may become isolated from social activities, leading to a decrease in interpersonal relationships and an increase in feelings of loneliness and depression. This isolation can create a negative feedback cycle that negatively affects both mental health and social engagement.

In the workplace, the consequences of sleep deprivation are evident. Employees who do not get enough rest are more likely to make mistakes, suffer accidents and decrease their productivity. Organisations that prioritise employee well-being by promoting healthy sleep habits can cultivate a more efficient and engaged workforce. Initiatives such as flexible work schedules, nap rooms and wellness programmes that include sleep education can significantly improve both employee satisfaction and organisational performance.

Given the deep impact of sleep on health and well-being, it is essential to adopt strategies that promote better sleep hygiene. Establishing a consistent sleep schedule, creating a sleep-friendly environment and limiting screen time before bedtime are key practices that can improve sleep quality. In addition, mindfulness and relaxation techniques, such as meditation and deep breathing exercises, can help relieve stress and prepare the mind for restful sleep.

Lifestyle choices also play a crucial role in sleep quality. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and moderation in caffeine, alcohol, and smoking can significantly influence sleep patterns. By making informed decisions, individuals can create an environment favourable to restful sleep.

In conclusion, the importance of sleep cannot be overstated. Its impact on physical health, psychological well-being, and social interactions is profound and far-reaching. As we navigate the complexities of modern life, prioritizing sleep is not merely a personal choice but a societal necessity. By fostering a culture that values and promotes healthy sleep practices, we can enhance individual and collective well-being, paving the way for a healthier, more productive, and happier society. It is time we recognize and embrace the vital role sleep plays in our lives.

Related Vocabulary

- Physiological: Relating to the functions and processes of living organisms.

Example: The physiological effects of sleep deprivation can lead to serious health issues.

- Cognitive: Related to mental processes such as perception, memory, and reasoning.

Example: Cognitive functions like problem-solving are impaired when one does not get enough sleep.

- Metabolic: Pertaining to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.

Example: Sleep plays a significant role in metabolic health, influencing how the body processes food.

- Regulation: The act of controlling or maintaining something in a desired state.

Example: Sleep is crucial for the regulation of emotions and stress levels.

- Isolation: The state of being separated from others; loneliness.

Example: Sleep deprivation can lead to social isolation, further impacting mental health.

- Wellbeing: The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.

Example: Prioritizing sleep is essential for overall wellbeing.

- Hygiene: Conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease.

Example: Good sleep hygiene includes creating a relaxing bedtime routine.

- Interpersonal: Relating to relationships or communication between people.

Example: Sleep deprivation can negatively affect interpersonal relationships due to increased irritability.

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Understanding addictions: The case of smoking

Addiction is a complex disease, a brain disorder manifested by compulsive use of substances despite their harmful consequences. One of the most common forms of addiction is smoking, which presents significant health risks not only to the smoker, but also to those exposed to second-hand smoke. Understanding the nature of tobacco addiction and exploring strategies to avoid it can enable people to make healthier choices. and I have to admit it: I smoke ("I'm a joker, I'm a smoker, I'm a midnight toker"...)

Smoking is primarily driven by nicotine, a highly addictive substance found in tobacco. When inhaled, nicotine reaches the brain within seconds, triggering the release of neurotransmitters that create feelings of pleasure and relaxation. This immediate gratification reinforces the behavior, making it difficult for individuals to quit. Over time, the body develops a tolerance, requiring more nicotine to achieve the same effects, which perpetuates the cycle of addiction.

The consequences of smoking are harmful. It is linked to numerous health problems, such as lung cancer, heart disease and respiratory problems. Moreover, smoking not only affects the smoker, but also risks those around them through passive exposure to smoke. This highlights the importance of dealing with tobacco addiction not only for individual health, but also for public health.

Strategies to avoid addiction

Education and awareness

Understanding the risks associated with tobacco use can discourage people from starting to smoke. Educational programmes that highlight the dangers of tobacco use can be effective, especially among young people.

Healthy ways of dealing with stress or anxiety

Many people turn to tobacco to cope successfully with stress or anxiety. Developing healthier ways of dealing with stress or anxiety, such as exercise, meditation or hobbies, can reduce the likelihood of turning to cigarettes.

Support systems

Building a strong support network can be crucial to avoid addiction. Friends, family and support groups can provide encouragement and support, making it easier to resist the temptation to smoke.

Objective target setting

Setting clear and achievable goals can help people focus on their desire to avoid smoking. Whether it's not smoking for a month or committing to a healthier lifestyle, having specific goals can motivate people to stay on track.

Avoid triggers

It is essential to identify and avoid situations that trigger the urge to smoke. This may involve staying away from social settings where smoking takes place or seeking alternative activities that do not involve tobacco.

In conclusion, addiction, particularly to smoking, is a significant public health issue that requires a multifaceted approach to prevention. By understanding the nature of smoking addiction and implementing effective strategies to avoid it, individuals can take proactive steps towards a healthier, smoke-free life.

Vocabulary and related sentences

Addiction: A condition characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.

   - "Her addiction to smoking made it difficult for her to focus on her health."

Compulsive: Resulting from or relating to an irresistible urge.

   - "He had a compulsive need to smoke whenever he felt stressed."

Neurotransmitters: Chemicals that transmit signals in the brain.

   - "Nicotine stimulates the release of neurotransmitters that create feelings of pleasure."

Tolerance: The body's reduced response to a substance after repeated use.

   - "Over time, smokers develop a tolerance to nicotine, requiring more to feel the same effects."

Coping nechanisms: Strategies used to manage stress or difficult emotions.

   - "Finding healthy coping mechanisms can help individuals avoid turning to cigarettes."

Support network: A group of people who provide emotional and practical support.

   - "Having a strong support network can make it easier to resist the urge to smoke."

Triggers: Stimuli that provoke a desire to engage in a specific behavior.

   - "Identifying triggers is crucial for anyone trying to quit smoking."

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Mindfulness: A way to improve well-being

Mindfulness is a mental practice that involves focusing attention on the present moment while recognizing and accepting thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations without judgment. Rooted in ancient meditation traditions, particularly Buddhism, mindfulness has gained popularity in contemporary psychology and wellness practices. In this article, we will explore the concept of mindfulness, its benefits for both body and mind, and some effective techniques to incorporate it into daily life. It’s not difficult to practice and can bring you numerous benefits! Let’s begin...

Understanding mindfulness

At its essence, mindfulness is about being fully present. It encourages individuals to observe their thoughts and feelings as they arise, rather than being overwhelmed by them. This practice fosters a sense of awareness and clarity that allows us to respond to situations with greater intention, rather than reacting impulsively.

Benefits of mindfulness

One of the most significant advantages of mindfulness is its positive impact on mental health. Numerous studies have shown that mindfulness can significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. By fostering an impartial (non-judgmental) awareness of thoughts, individuals can break the cycle of negative thinking.

Mindfulness practices can also lower cortisol levels, the hormone associated with stress. This reduction can lead to a calmer mental state and improved overall well-being. Additionally, regular mindfulness practice can enhance attention span and cognitive flexibility, which is especially beneficial in today’s fast-paced world, where distractions are abundant. In other words, individuals who engage in mindfulness regularly may find it easier to concentrate and avoid distractions, leading to better performance in various tasks that require sustained attention.

Moreover, mindfulness has been linked to various physical health benefits, including lower blood pressure, improved sleep quality, and enhanced immune function. By reducing stress, mindfulness can alleviate physical symptoms related to stress, such as headaches and digestive issues. Practicing mindfulness helps individuals become more aware of their emotional responses, enabling them to manage their emotions more effectively. This can lead to healthier relationships and improved communication skills.

Mindfulness meditation techniques 

Incorporating mindfulness into daily life can be achieved through various meditation techniques. One effective method is breath awareness meditation, which involves focusing on your breath. Sit comfortably, close your eyes, and take deep breaths. Pay attention to the sensation of the air entering and leaving your body. When your mind wanders, gently bring your focus back to your breath.

Another technique is the body scan, which encourages awareness of bodily sensations. Lie down comfortably and mentally scan your body from head to toe, noticing any areas of tension or discomfort. Acknowledge these sensations without judgment and breathe into them.

Mindful walking combines movement with mindfulness. As you walk, pay attention to the sensations in your feet and legs, the rhythm of your breath, and the sights and sounds around you. This practice can be particularly grounding and refreshing.

Loving-kindness meditation focuses on cultivating compassion and love towards oneself and others. Begin by silently repeating phrases such as “May I be happy, may I be healthy,” and gradually extend these wishes to loved ones, acquaintances, and even those with whom you have difficulties.

By integrating these mindfulness practices into your daily routine, you can cultivate a greater sense of well-being and enhance your overall quality of life.

Vocabulary

- Grounding: The process of connecting with the present moment and the environment.
Example: Mindful walking is a grounding practice that helps anchor you in the present.

 - Compassion: A deep awareness of the suffering of others coupled with a desire to alleviate it. Example: Loving-kindness meditation fosters compassion for oneself and others.

- Awareness: The state of being aware of something.
Example: Greater awareness of one's emotions can lead to better emotional regulation.

- Impulsive: Acting without thinking or considering.
Example: Mindfulness helps to reduce impulsive reactions in stressful situations.

- Meditation: A practice that involves focusing the mind to achieve a state of mental clarity, emotional calm, and heightened (increased) awareness.
Example: In guided meditation, a teacher leads participants through visualizations and breathing exercises to promote relaxation and mindfulness.

- Mindfulness: The practice of being fully present and engaged in the current moment without judgment. Example: Mindfulness techniques, such as deep breathing, can help reduce stress and improve focus. - Reflection: The process of thinking deeply about something, often to gain insight or understanding. Example: Journaling can be a powerful form of reflection that helps clarify thoughts and feelings - Focus: The ability to concentrate attention on a specific task or object. Example: Practicing mindfulness can enhance focus, making it easier to complete tasks without distraction. - Acceptance: The act of recognizing and embracing reality as it is, without resistance. Example: Mindfulness encourages acceptance of one’s thoughts and feelings, allowing for greater emotional resilience. - Relaxation: A state of being free from tension and anxiety, often achieved through calming practices. Example: Progressive muscle relaxation is a technique that promotes relaxation by systematically tensing and then relaxing different muscle groups. - Attention span: Refers to the length of time a person can concentrate on a task or activity without becoming distracted. It indicates how long someone can maintain focus on something before their mind starts to wander or they lose interest. A longer attention span allows individuals to engage more deeply in activities, while a shorter attention span may lead to frequent distractions and difficulty completing tasks.
Example: After practicing mindfulness for several weeks, Sarah noticed that her attention span had improved, allowing her to read for longer periods without losing focus.

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Success and failure: a double perspective

Success and failure are two sides of the same coin, often closely related in the journey of personal and professional growth. Understanding the dynamics of both can provide valuable insights into how we navigate life and pursue our goals.

Defining success and failure

Success is often defined as the attainment (achieving or reaching a particular goal) of desired goals or the achievement of a favourable result or outcome. It can manifest itself in various forms, such as career advancement, personal achievement or academic excellence. Failure, on the other hand, is often perceived as the inability to meet expectations or achieve a particular goal. However, it is essential to recognise that failure is not simply a negative outcome; it can serve as a powerful teacher, offering lessons that open the way for future success.

The role of mindset

A crucial factor that differentiates successful people from those who struggle is their mindset (mentality). Successful people tend to adopt a growth mindset, viewing challenges as opportunities for learning and development. They understand that setbacks or disappointments are a natural part of the road and are ready to move forward in spite of difficulties. On the other hand, those who fear failure tend to give up in the face of obstacles and miss the opportunity to grow.

Learning from failure

Failure can be a springboard to success. Many renowned figures, such as Thomas Edison and J.K. Rowling, faced numerous obstacles before reaching their goals. Edison declared: ‘I have not failed. I have only found 10,000 ways that don't work’. This perspective highlights the importance of resilience and the ability to recover after a setback. By analysing what went wrong and adjusting their approach, people can overcome challenges stronger and more prepared for future challenges.

The importance of objective focus

To achieve success, it is essential to set clear and achievable goals. This process involves identifying what you want to achieve and breaking it down into manageable steps. In this way, you can track your progress and celebrate small victories along the way. However, it is equally important to remain flexible and open to change. Sometimes, the road to success may require you to develop new strategies or adapt your goals in response to unexpected circumstances.

Accept failure as part of the process

In a society that often exalts success, it is essential to change our perspective on failure. Instead of seeing it as a dead end, we must see it as an integral part of the learning process. Accepting failure allows us to take risks and step out of our comfort zone. It encourages innovation and creativity, as we are more likely to explore new ideas when we are not afraid to fail.

In summary, success and failure are interconnected experiences that shape our lives. By adopting a growth mindset, learning from our failures and setting clear goals, we can navigate the complexities of both. Remember that all successful people have faced failure at some point; it is how we respond to these challenges that ultimately defines our path. So, the next time you encounter a setback, don't be discouraged. Take it as an opportunity to learn, grow and ultimately succeed.

Some verbs and Phrasal verbs with examples related to success and failure

- Move forward

• Meaning: To continue to progress or advance.
• Example: After facing several setbacks, she decided to move forward with her plans for a new business.

- Give up

• Meaning: To stop trying or to abandon a goal.
• Example: He was tempted to give up after failing the exam, but he chose to study harder instead.

- Open the way

• Meaning: To create opportunities or possibilities for something to happen.
• Example: Learning from past mistakes can open the way for future success.

- Overcome

• Meaning: To succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty.
• Example: She was able to overcome her fear of public speaking through practice and perseverance.

- Break down

• Meaning: To separate something into smaller parts to make it easier to understand or manage.
• Example: It’s helpful to break down your goals into smaller, achievable tasks.

- Adapt to

• Meaning: To adjust to new conditions or changes.
• Example: In order to succeed, you must be willing to adapt to changing circumstances.

- Step out of something

• Meaning: To leave a familiar situation or comfort zone.
• Example: Sometimes, you need to step out of your comfort zone to discover new opportunities.

- Track your progress

• Meaning: To monitor or keep a record of how you are doing in relation to your goals.
• Example: It’s important to track your progress regularly to stay motivated.

- Celebrate small victories

• Meaning: To acknowledge and take joy in minor achievements along the way to a larger goal.
• Example: Don’t forget to celebrate small victories, as they can boost your confidence and motivation.

- Face obstacles

• Meaning: To confront challenges or difficulties.
• Example: Every entrepreneur faces obstacles, but those who persevere often find success.

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The rise of rentals and sales in Spain: a decade of growth and a real problem for the Spanish people

Over the past decade, Spain has experienced a substantial rise in both rental prices and property sales, indicating significant changes in the real estate market. This trend poses a genuine challenge for both Spanish citizens and foreigners looking to rent or purchase property. The increase can be attributed to a combination of economic recovery, demographic shifts, and evolving lifestyle preferences.

Following the 2008 financial crisis, the Spanish real estate market encountered a severe recession, with property values falling sharply and rental prices stagnating. However, as the economy began to recover around 2014, demand for housing boomed. Increased foreign investment, particularly from countries such as the UK, Germany and the Nordic countries, has played a crucial role in revitalizing the market. Investors are attracted by Spain's favorable climate, lifestyle and relatively affordable real estate prices compared to other Western European countries.

Another important factor contributing to the increase in rents and sales is the arrival of expatriates and digital nomads. Spain's attractive lifestyle, combined with the rise of telecommuting, has made it a prime destination for people seeking a better quality of life. Cities such as Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia have become hubs for international talent, which has led to an increase in demand for rental housing. This demographic change has not only driven up rental prices, but has also influenced the types of properties in demand, with a growing preference for modern, well-located apartments.

In addition, the Spanish government has implemented various policies aimed at stimulating the real estate market. Initiatives such as the Golden Visa program, which grants residency to non-EU investors who purchase property above a certain value, have attracted significant foreign capital. This wave of investment has further boosted demand for both rents and property sales, contributing to the rise in prices.

Moreover, the limited supply of housing in urban areas has made the situation worse. Many cities are having difficulty meeting the growing demand due to restrictive zoning laws and slow new construction. As a result, competition for available properties has intensified, leading to higher rental prices and increased sales activity.

However, this surge in property demand poses significant challenges for Spanish residents and future inhabitants. As prices soar, many locals find themselves priced out of the market, struggling to secure affordable housing in their own communities. The increasing reliance on rental properties can lead to instability, as rising rents may force families to relocate or compromise on living conditions. 

Furthermore, the focus on investment-driven developments often overlooks the needs of the local population, exacerbating social inequalities and contributing to a sense of displacement. To safeguard the interests of Spanish residents, it is crucial for policymakers (legislators or authorities) to implement measures that promote affordable housing, protect tenants' rights, and ensure that the benefits of real estate growth are equitably shared. Only through a balanced approach can Spain maintain its appeal as a desirable place to live while fostering a thriving, inclusive community for all its residents.

Related vocabulary

1. Substantial - considerable in quantity or importance.

2. Rental prices - the cost of leasing a property.

3. Property sales - transactions involving the buying and selling of real estate.

4. Real estate market - the market for buying, selling, and renting properties.

5. Challenge - a difficult situation that requires a solution.

6. Expatriates - individuals living outside their native country.

7. Digital nomads - people who work remotely while traveling or living in different locations.

8. Telecommuting - working from a location other than a traditional office, often from home.

9. Demographic shifts - changes in the characteristics of a population.

10. Investment-driven developments - projects focused on attracting financial investment rather than meeting local needs.

11. Golden Visa program - a residency program for non-EU investors who purchase property.

12. Foreign capital - investment funds from outside the country.

13. Zoning laws - regulations governing land use and development in specific areas.

14. Supply and demand - the relationship between the availability of a product and the desire for it.

15. Affordable housing - housing that is reasonably priced and accessible to low- and middle-income individuals.

16. Tenants' rights - legal protections for individuals renting properties.

17. Social inequalities - disparities in wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.

18. Displacement - the forced movement of individuals or communities from their homes.

19. Inclusive community - a community that welcomes and supports all individuals, regardless of background.

20. Revitalizing - bringing new life or energy to something, often in a positive way.

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How to create an editable PDF file with LibreOffice

Do you want to create a PDF file that you can edit with LibreOffice? If so, you might be interested in learning how to create a hybrid or fillable PDF, which is a standard PDF that includes the original ODF source file from LibreOffice embedded within it. This way, you can view the PDF with any reader, but you can also modify it with LibreOffice whenever you wish.

To create a hybrid or fillable PDF with LibreOffice, simply follow these steps:

1. Open the file you want to save as a PDF in LibreOffice Writer

2. Click on the "File" button at the top of the window

3. Select the "Export as PDF" option from the dropdown menu

4. Important: In the export window, make sure to check the box that says "embed OpenDocument file."

5. Choose the folder where you want to save the file and click "Save."

And there you have it—your editable PDF with LibreOffice. You can open and modify it with the LibreOffice Writer suite as many times as you like. The result is a more versatile and flexible PDF document that you can use for forms, educational materials, business documents, etc. However, keep in mind that the file will be slightly larger than usual, as it contains both the PDF fonts and the .odt document (the native format of LibreOffice Writer).

Source Puntocomunica.com: https://www.puntocomunica.com/como-crear-un-archivo-pdf-editable-con-libreoffice/

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Understanding the importance of mother tongue

First of all, what exactly is a mother tongue? It is the language you were born into or grew up speaking before learning other languages. When someone refers to their "mother tongue," they are talking about the language that is most familiar and significant to them.

The mother tongue is crucial for communication because it is the first language that allows you to connect with people in a meaningful way. For instance, when I am in my comfort zone, talking to my friends or family, everything flows smoothly. However, when I try to converse with someone who does not speak my mother tongue, I often feel as if there is a wall between us. This is because the cultural context changes, and words may not carry the same meaning as they do at home.

Learning a new language can also be more challenging if you do not start from your own language. I believe this to be true. For example, when I learned German or any other foreign language, I found it somewhat strange, even though I could use basic vocabulary. A solid foundation in your mother tongue helps you learn new words, grammar, syntax, idioms, and understand nuances more effectively.

Socialization is another key aspect. When you interact with people who share your mother tongue, conversations feel more authentic and less forced. It’s like discussing real topics that matter to both of you: hobbies, interests, experiences, and more. Conversely, when surrounded by people from different backgrounds, overcoming the communication gap can be difficult.

However, not everyone uses their mother tongue in everyday life; some may reserve it for more intimate conversations or formal situations. This is understandable, as using one's mother tongue in informal contexts may be perceived as disrespectful to those who do not share it. On the other hand, isn’t it wonderful to connect with people from different places? Learning a new language enhances cultural understanding and opens up new opportunities for friendship and collaboration.

What happens when someone's mother tongue differs from someone else's? This is where multilingualism comes into play. People have diverse roots and languages based on their family background, travel, or education. This diversity makes communication more interesting but also adds complexity, as switching from one language to another is not always easy.

Additionally, there are global trends in language use, such as the dominance of English in education, business, and media. At the same time, there is a rise in languages linked to cultural movements as people become more globally connected.

Each culture has its own linguistic roots, and preserving these diverse linguistic identities is vital for maintaining cultural heritage and promoting mutual understanding across borders. A balance must be struck between using the mother tongue in personal environments and in professional or public settings, where it might not always be appropriate. Mixing languages can lead to misunderstandings or awkwardness.

Another important aspect is the language learning process: is it better to start with another language and then learn the mother tongue, or is there an advantage to starting from scratch in a new language? I believe that beginning with the mother tongue can help you grasp idioms and cultural references more easily.

In terms of socializing, does practicing another language help with networking by showing respect for the other culture? Or does it detract from the opportunity to share your own experiences? Practicing another language can indeed demonstrate respect for cultural diversity by allowing you to learn about other cultures before sharing personal experiences, potentially enhancing connections.

When discussing communication barriers, to what extent do they truly exist in everyday interactions compared to more formal or professional settings? Perhaps the impact is not as significant when both parties are willing to connect. Although communication barriers may exist, they often diminish in formal or professional contexts when both parties are committed to interacting.

Overall, the importance of the mother tongue lies in bridging cultural differences and laying the foundations for mutual understanding. However, there are complexities in how different cultures navigate this balance in their language practices. Thus, we can conclude that the mother tongue is crucial for fostering cultural understanding and mutual respect while providing a foundation for language learning and authentic social interactions. Its role as a bridge between cultures highlights its importance in preserving linguistic identity and promoting diversity.

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