The rise of rentals and sales in Spain: a decade of growth and a real problem for the Spanish people

Over the past decade, Spain has experienced a substantial rise in both rental prices and property sales, indicating significant changes in the real estate market. This trend poses a genuine challenge for both Spanish citizens and foreigners looking to rent or purchase property. The increase can be attributed to a combination of economic recovery, demographic shifts, and evolving lifestyle preferences.

Following the 2008 financial crisis, the Spanish real estate market encountered a severe recession, with property values falling sharply and rental prices stagnating. However, as the economy began to recover around 2014, demand for housing boomed. Increased foreign investment, particularly from countries such as the UK, Germany and the Nordic countries, has played a crucial role in revitalizing the market. Investors are attracted by Spain's favorable climate, lifestyle and relatively affordable real estate prices compared to other Western European countries.

Another important factor contributing to the increase in rents and sales is the arrival of expatriates and digital nomads. Spain's attractive lifestyle, combined with the rise of telecommuting, has made it a prime destination for people seeking a better quality of life. Cities such as Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia have become hubs for international talent, which has led to an increase in demand for rental housing. This demographic change has not only driven up rental prices, but has also influenced the types of properties in demand, with a growing preference for modern, well-located apartments.

In addition, the Spanish government has implemented various policies aimed at stimulating the real estate market. Initiatives such as the Golden Visa program, which grants residency to non-EU investors who purchase property above a certain value, have attracted significant foreign capital. This wave of investment has further boosted demand for both rents and property sales, contributing to the rise in prices.

Moreover, the limited supply of housing in urban areas has made the situation worse. Many cities are having difficulty meeting the growing demand due to restrictive zoning laws and slow new construction. As a result, competition for available properties has intensified, leading to higher rental prices and increased sales activity.

However, this surge in property demand poses significant challenges for Spanish residents and future inhabitants. As prices soar, many locals find themselves priced out of the market, struggling to secure affordable housing in their own communities. The increasing reliance on rental properties can lead to instability, as rising rents may force families to relocate or compromise on living conditions. 

Furthermore, the focus on investment-driven developments often overlooks the needs of the local population, exacerbating social inequalities and contributing to a sense of displacement. To safeguard the interests of Spanish residents, it is crucial for policymakers (legislators or authorities) to implement measures that promote affordable housing, protect tenants' rights, and ensure that the benefits of real estate growth are equitably shared. Only through a balanced approach can Spain maintain its appeal as a desirable place to live while fostering a thriving, inclusive community for all its residents.

Related vocabulary

1. Substantial - considerable in quantity or importance.

2. Rental prices - the cost of leasing a property.

3. Property sales - transactions involving the buying and selling of real estate.

4. Real estate market - the market for buying, selling, and renting properties.

5. Challenge - a difficult situation that requires a solution.

6. Expatriates - individuals living outside their native country.

7. Digital nomads - people who work remotely while traveling or living in different locations.

8. Telecommuting - working from a location other than a traditional office, often from home.

9. Demographic shifts - changes in the characteristics of a population.

10. Investment-driven developments - projects focused on attracting financial investment rather than meeting local needs.

11. Golden Visa program - a residency program for non-EU investors who purchase property.

12. Foreign capital - investment funds from outside the country.

13. Zoning laws - regulations governing land use and development in specific areas.

14. Supply and demand - the relationship between the availability of a product and the desire for it.

15. Affordable housing - housing that is reasonably priced and accessible to low- and middle-income individuals.

16. Tenants' rights - legal protections for individuals renting properties.

17. Social inequalities - disparities in wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society.

18. Displacement - the forced movement of individuals or communities from their homes.

19. Inclusive community - a community that welcomes and supports all individuals, regardless of background.

20. Revitalizing - bringing new life or energy to something, often in a positive way.

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How to create an editable PDF file with LibreOffice

Do you want to create a PDF file that you can edit with LibreOffice? If so, you might be interested in learning how to create a hybrid or fillable PDF, which is a standard PDF that includes the original ODF source file from LibreOffice embedded within it. This way, you can view the PDF with any reader, but you can also modify it with LibreOffice whenever you wish.

To create a hybrid or fillable PDF with LibreOffice, simply follow these steps:

1. Open the file you want to save as a PDF in LibreOffice Writer

2. Click on the "File" button at the top of the window

3. Select the "Export as PDF" option from the dropdown menu

4. Important: In the export window, make sure to check the box that says "embed OpenDocument file."

5. Choose the folder where you want to save the file and click "Save."

And there you have it—your editable PDF with LibreOffice. You can open and modify it with the LibreOffice Writer suite as many times as you like. The result is a more versatile and flexible PDF document that you can use for forms, educational materials, business documents, etc. However, keep in mind that the file will be slightly larger than usual, as it contains both the PDF fonts and the .odt document (the native format of LibreOffice Writer).

Source Puntocomunica.com: https://www.puntocomunica.com/como-crear-un-archivo-pdf-editable-con-libreoffice/

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Understanding the importance of mother tongue

First of all, what exactly is a mother tongue? It is the language you were born into or grew up speaking before learning other languages. When someone refers to their "mother tongue," they are talking about the language that is most familiar and significant to them.

The mother tongue is crucial for communication because it is the first language that allows you to connect with people in a meaningful way. For instance, when I am in my comfort zone, talking to my friends or family, everything flows smoothly. However, when I try to converse with someone who does not speak my mother tongue, I often feel as if there is a wall between us. This is because the cultural context changes, and words may not carry the same meaning as they do at home.

Learning a new language can also be more challenging if you do not start from your own language. I believe this to be true. For example, when I learned German or any other foreign language, I found it somewhat strange, even though I could use basic vocabulary. A solid foundation in your mother tongue helps you learn new words, grammar, syntax, idioms, and understand nuances more effectively.

Socialization is another key aspect. When you interact with people who share your mother tongue, conversations feel more authentic and less forced. It’s like discussing real topics that matter to both of you: hobbies, interests, experiences, and more. Conversely, when surrounded by people from different backgrounds, overcoming the communication gap can be difficult.

However, not everyone uses their mother tongue in everyday life; some may reserve it for more intimate conversations or formal situations. This is understandable, as using one's mother tongue in informal contexts may be perceived as disrespectful to those who do not share it. On the other hand, isn’t it wonderful to connect with people from different places? Learning a new language enhances cultural understanding and opens up new opportunities for friendship and collaboration.

What happens when someone's mother tongue differs from someone else's? This is where multilingualism comes into play. People have diverse roots and languages based on their family background, travel, or education. This diversity makes communication more interesting but also adds complexity, as switching from one language to another is not always easy.

Additionally, there are global trends in language use, such as the dominance of English in education, business, and media. At the same time, there is a rise in languages linked to cultural movements as people become more globally connected.

Each culture has its own linguistic roots, and preserving these diverse linguistic identities is vital for maintaining cultural heritage and promoting mutual understanding across borders. A balance must be struck between using the mother tongue in personal environments and in professional or public settings, where it might not always be appropriate. Mixing languages can lead to misunderstandings or awkwardness.

Another important aspect is the language learning process: is it better to start with another language and then learn the mother tongue, or is there an advantage to starting from scratch in a new language? I believe that beginning with the mother tongue can help you grasp idioms and cultural references more easily.

In terms of socializing, does practicing another language help with networking by showing respect for the other culture? Or does it detract from the opportunity to share your own experiences? Practicing another language can indeed demonstrate respect for cultural diversity by allowing you to learn about other cultures before sharing personal experiences, potentially enhancing connections.

When discussing communication barriers, to what extent do they truly exist in everyday interactions compared to more formal or professional settings? Perhaps the impact is not as significant when both parties are willing to connect. Although communication barriers may exist, they often diminish in formal or professional contexts when both parties are committed to interacting.

Overall, the importance of the mother tongue lies in bridging cultural differences and laying the foundations for mutual understanding. However, there are complexities in how different cultures navigate this balance in their language practices. Thus, we can conclude that the mother tongue is crucial for fostering cultural understanding and mutual respect while providing a foundation for language learning and authentic social interactions. Its role as a bridge between cultures highlights its importance in preserving linguistic identity and promoting diversity.

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The Evolution of the Internet: from concept to connectivity to AI

A writing exercise on the history of the Internet

We often navigate the Internet effortlessly, unaware of the vast efforts that have gone into creating and maintaining this revolutionary global network for humanity. But do you know how it all began? What is its history? Let’s take a brief journey through the evolution of the Internet

The Internet’s journey is a testament to human creativity and global collaboration. Born in the late 1960s as a government research project, it has grown into a transformative force that connects billions of people, powers economies, and now serves as the backbone for artificial intelligence (AI). Here’s how it evolved:

Origins: early networks and ARPANET

The Internet’s roots trace back to mid-20th-century experiments in data transmission. Scientists at Bell Labs pioneered microwave radio links in the 1940s and 1950s, laying the groundwork for long-distance digital communication.

In 1969, the U.S. Department of Defense launched ARPANET, a decentralized network designed to share resources between universities and research institutions. By 1971, it enabled the exchange of text messages and files—a revolutionary step toward global connectivity. ARPANET’s packet-switching technology, which breaks data into smaller units for efficient routing, remains a cornerstone of modern networks.

The birth of modern protocols (1980s)

The 1980s saw foundational advancements:

- TCP/IP (1983): ARPANET adopted this protocol suite, allowing diverse networks to interconnect seamlessly. This marked the birth of the “Internet” as we know it.

- Email standardization: Though email existed on ARPANET as early as 1971, the 1982 standardization of SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and DNS (Domain Name System) transformed it into a universal communication tool.

- Academic and commercial adoption: Universities and businesses began leveraging the Internet for collaboration, file-sharing, and early forms of e-commerce.

The World Wide Web revolution (1990s)

The Internet’s public explosion began with Tim Berners-Lee’s invention of the World Wide Web (WWW) at CERN in 1989–1991. Key milestones:

- 1991: Berners-Lee released the first web browser/editor (WorldWideWeb) and defined HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), enabling hyperlinked documents.

- 1993: The Mosaic browser popularized graphical web browsing, followed by Netscape Navigator in 1994.

- Dot-Com boom: By the late 1990s, companies like Amazon (1994) and eBay (1995) pioneered online commerce, while Google (1998) revolutionized information retrieval.

The Rise of connectivity and Web 2.0 (2000s)

The 2000s brought democratized access and interactivity:

- Broadband & mobile Internet: High-speed connections replaced dial-up, and smartphones (e.g., iPhone, 2007) made the Internet portable.

- Web 2.0: User-generated content flourished through platforms like Wikipedia (2001), Facebook (2004), and YouTube (2005).

- Cloud Computing: Services like AWS (2006) allowed businesses to scale infrastructure globally.

The AI-Driven Internet (2010s–Present)

Today’s Internet is inseparable from AI:

- Big Data & Machine Learning: Platforms like Google and Facebook harness user data to train algorithms for personalized recommendations, speech recognition, and targeted ads.

- AI Applications: Virtual assistants (Siri, Alexa), self-driving cars, and tools like ChatGPT and the controversial Deepseek, among many others, rely on cloud-based AI models powered by global server networks.

- Ethical Challenges: Issues like data privacy, algorithmic bias, and misinformation underscore the need for responsible innovation.

To summarize, from ARPANET’s humble beginnings to today’s AI-integrated ecosystem, the Internet’s evolution reflects humanity’s relentless, never-ending impulse to connect and innovate. Yet its power demands ethical oversight—ensuring transparency, equity, and security as we shape its future. As AI reshapes industries and societies, the lessons of the Internet’s past remind us that technology thrives best when guided by shared values and global cooperation. But even so, the Ai might raise some dark side effects to humanity. We will see, or not... 

Is Skynet coming, or has it already arrived?...

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12 simple reasons to make reading books a part of your life

Or why is important reading?

In a world full of digital distractions (we're screwed...), reading books is still an important activity. Here are twelve simple reasons why adding reading to your daily routine can greatly improve your life:

1. Source of knowledge: Books are full of information on almost any topic you can think of. Whether you want to learn about history, science, or new hobbies, reading helps you understand the world better.

2. Better vocabulary: Reading regularly introduces you to new words, which can improve how you communicate and understand others. This can be helpful in both your personal life and at work.

 3. Memory improvement: Studies show that reading can help improve your memory and thinking skills. Engaging with stories and ideas keeps your mind active and sharp.

 4. Stress relief: Getting lost in a good book can be a great way to escape from daily stress. It allows you to relax and recharge, which is good for your overall health.

 5. Better focus and concentration: In our busy world, reading helps you learn to focus and concentrate for longer periods. This skill is very useful in school and at work.

 6. Understanding others: Reading stories lets you see the world through the eyes of different characters. This helps you develop empathy and understand different viewpoints, which can improve your relationships with others.

 7. Boosting creativity: Reading exposes you to new ideas and ways of thinking, which can spark your own creativity. It encourages you to think outside the box and solve problems in new ways.

 8. Improved writing skills: Reading well-written books can help you become a better writer. You can learn about style, sentence structure, and how to express your thoughts clearly, which is especially helpful for students and professionals.

 9. Better Sleep: Swapping screen time for a book before bed can help you relax and sleep better. Reading can calm your mind, making it easier to fall asleep.

 10. Adventure awaits: Books can take you to different times, places, and worlds. Whether you’re on an exciting adventure or learning about history, reading lets you experience new things from the comfort of your home.

11. Lifelong learning: Reading is a way to keep learning and discovering new things throughout your life. No matter your age or interests, there’s always something new to explore.

 12. Great conversation topics: Books give you plenty to talk about with others. They can help you connect with people and lead to interesting discussions.

In summary, the benefits of reading go far beyond just entertainment. By making books a regular part of your life, you can improve your knowledge, creativity, and understanding of others while enjoying the many adventures that stories offer. Embrace the power of reading and discover a world of possibilities.

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Procrastination: Three causes that trigger it and how to avoid them

Procrastination is a very common problem that affects millions of people worldwide (perhaps you and me too...). Far from being simply a problem of laziness, procrastination is more related to mental disorders such as anxiety or depression.

There are three main causes that trigger procrastination:

- Fear of failure. Many people avoid starting tasks or projects out of fear of not doing it well and failing. This fear of rejection or criticism can paralyze people.

Example: Imagine you need to write a report for your boss, but you keep putting it off because you're worried it won't be good enough and you'll be criticized for it.

- Lack of motivation. When a task does not interest us or we do not see its usefulness, we are more likely to postpone it over and over again.

Example: You have to complete an online training course for work, but you keep finding excuses not to do it because you don't see the relevance to your job.

- Self-control issues. Some people have difficulty regulating their short-term impulses and preferences, which leads them to procrastinate instead of focusing on important long-term tasks.

Example: You need to study for an important exam, but you keep getting distracted by social media or video games, unable to resist those immediate gratifications.

To avoid procrastination, it is important to work on these three aspects:

- Confront the fear of failure. Accept that making mistakes is part of the learning process and not something negative.
- Find motivation. Look for ways to make tasks more interesting or find their usefulness.
- Improve self-control. Establish routines, set deadlines, and reward yourself for completing tasks.

With patience and practice, it is possible to overcome procrastination and be more productive. Don't let laziness dominate you!

Vocabulary related to procastination

Here are some vocabulary words related to procrastination, with examples based on the article:

1. Procrastinate - To postpone or delay doing something.
Example: Many people procrastinate on important tasks due to fear of failure or lack of motivation.

2. Paralysis - A state of being unable to act or move.
Example: The fear of failure can paralyze people, preventing them from starting tasks or projects.

3. Postpone - To put off doing something to a later time.
Example: When a task doesn't interest us, we are more likely to postpone it over and over again.

4. Impulse - A sudden strong desire to act, without thinking.
Example: People with self-control issues have difficulty regulating their short-term impulses, leading them to procrastinate.

5. Gratification - The act of satisfying a desire or need.
Example: Getting distracted by social media or video games provides immediate gratification, making it harder to focus on long-term tasks.

6. Routine - A regular and fixed way of doing things.
Example: Establishing routines can help improve self-control and overcome procrastination.

7. Deadline - A time by which something must be completed.
Example: Setting deadlines can be an effective way to avoid procrastination and stay on track.

8. Reward - Something given in recognition of one's service, effort, or achievement.
Example: Rewarding yourself for completing tasks can help motivate you and reinforce positive behavior.

9. Productivity - The state or quality of being productive.
Example: Overcoming procrastination can lead to increased productivity and better outcomes.

10. Laziness - The quality of being unwilling to work or use energy.
Example: Procrastination is more complex than just laziness, as it is often linked to mental health issues.

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Resilience: Coping with life's challenges

Resilience is often recognised as an essential quality for getting through life's unpredictable journey. It is defined as the process and result of adapting effectively to difficult experiences, and includes mental, emotional and behavioural flexibility. Rather than an inherent feature, resilience is a skill that can be developed through conscious struggle and practice.

An important factor influencing resilience is a person's view of adversity. Those who perceive challenges as opportunities for personal growth tend to show higher levels of resilience. Take J.K. Rowling, for example, who suffered numerous rejections before publishing her first Harry Potter book. Instead of giving in to despair, she turned her disappointments into motivation to improve her skills as a writer, eventually achieving remarkable success. This highlights the importance of a growth mindset, which encourages people to face challenges rather than avoid them.

In addition, social support is vital for building resilience. The presence and quality of relationships can greatly affect a person's ability to manage stress. People who maintain strong ties with family and friends often find comfort and support during difficult times. Participation in community activities or support groups can further strengthen this network, providing a protective shield against life's adversities. Research shows that people with strong social ties are better able to cope with stress and recover from difficulties.

Furthermore, some coping strategies can strengthen resilience. Techniques such as mindfulness, cognitive restructuring and problem solving enable people to effectively manage their emotional responses. Mindfulness, for example, helps people to stay present and aware, relieving anxiety about future uncertainties. Cognitive processing(*) involves challenging negative thought patterns, allowing people to view their experiences from a more positive perspective. By building in these strategies, individuals can create a resilience set of tools to rely on during difficult times.

In short, resilience is not a fixed characteristic, but a dynamic process that can be cultivated through intentional practice and supportive relationships. By adopting a growth mindset, nurturing social connections and using effective coping strategies, individuals can improve their ability to adapt to life's challenges. Finally, resilience is about embracing life's journey, with all its ups and downs, and emerging stronger from each experience.

More about resilience:

- Resilience's definition (American Phicological Association)
- Mindful.org

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Understanding Stress and its impact on our health

Stress is a common experience that everyone faces at some point in their lives. It is the body's response to challenges or demands, whether they are big or small. While a little stress can be helpful, too much stress can have negative effects on our health. But, what is Stress?

Stress is a natural reaction to situations that make us feel threatened or overwhelmed. When we encounter a stressful situation, our body releases hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones prepare us to respond to the challenge, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response. This response can help us react quickly in dangerous situations.

However, stress can also come from everyday life. It can be caused by work pressure, family problems, financial issues, or even too many responsibilities. When stress becomes constant, it can lead to serious health problems.

How does stress affect our health?

1. Physical Health: Chronic stress can lead to various physical health issues. It can cause headaches, stomach problems, and muscle tension. Long-term stress can also increase the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. The immune system may weaken, making it harder for the body to fight off illnesses.

2. Mental Health: Stress can significantly impact our mental well-being. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and mood swings. People under stress may find it hard to concentrate or make decisions. This can affect their work and personal life.

3. Sleep Problems: Stress often disrupts sleep patterns. People who are stressed may have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Lack of sleep can further increase stress levels, creating a cycle that is hard to break.

4. Relationships: Stress can also affect our relationships with others. When we are stressed, we may become irritable or withdrawn. This can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts with family, friends, and colleagues.

Managing stress

It is important to find ways to manage stress to protect our health. Here are some effective strategies:

• Exercise: Physical activity can help reduce stress. It releases endorphins, which are chemicals in the brain that improve mood
• Relaxation Techniques: Practices like deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can help calm the mind and reduce stress
• Healthy Lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and avoiding excessive alcohol or caffeine can improve overall well-being
• Talk About It: Sharing feelings with friends, family, or a professional can provide support and help relieve stress
• Time Management: Organizing tasks and setting priorities can help reduce feelings of being overwhelmed.

In conclusion, while stress is a normal part of life, effectively managing it by understanding its impact on our health, adopting healthy habits, and seeking support can lead to happier, healthier lives, and it's important to remember that asking for help is always okay when stress becomes overwhelming.

(*): See translation into Spanish at the end of the article

Vocabulary related to stress

Here are some vocabulary words related to stress, along with sentence examples for each:

1. Stress  

   - Example: Many people experience stress when they have tight deadlines at work.

2. Anxiety  

   - Example: She felt a wave of anxiety before her presentation, worrying about how the audience would react.

3. Overwhelm  

   - Example: He often feels overwhelmed by the number of tasks he has to complete each day.

4. Coping  

   - Example: Finding healthy coping mechanisms, like exercise or meditation, can help manage stress.

5. Relaxation  

   - Example: Taking time for relaxation is essential for maintaining good mental health.

6. Burnout  

   - Example: After months of working long hours without a break, she experienced burnout and needed time off.

7. Tension  

   - Example: There was a lot of tension in the room as everyone awaited the results of the project.

8. Mindfulness  

   - Example: Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress by keeping you focused on the present moment.

9. Support  

   - Example: Having a strong support system of friends and family can make it easier to cope with stress.

10. Resilience  

    - Example: Building resilience can help individuals bounce back from stressful situations more effectively.

11. Pressure  

    - Example: The pressure to perform well in exams can lead to significant stress for students.

12. Fatigue  

    - Example: Chronic stress can lead to fatigue, making it difficult to concentrate on daily tasks.

13. Breathe  

    - Example: When feeling stressed, taking a moment to breathe deeply can help calm the mind.

14. Triggers  

    - Example: Identifying your stress triggers is the first step in learning how to manage them.

15. Well-being  

    - Example: Prioritizing your mental well-being is crucial for a balanced and healthy life.

These vocabulary words can help you better understand and discuss the topic of stress and its effects.

Some links related to Stress

• Stress - World Health Organization (WHO
  
• Can You Die from Stress? It May Depend on How You Manage It

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The emotional challenges of Christmas

In my opinion, Christmas is often marketed as a happy occasion, full of love, laughter and festivities. However, as I see it, it can also bring emotional challenges that are often ignored. The pressure to create the perfect Christmas experience can lead to feelings of anxiety and inadequacy. For example, people can feel overwhelmed by the expectations of buying gifts, decorating their homes and hosting meetings, which can lead to stress and exhaustion.

In addition, the holidays can worsen feelings of loneliness and grief. Those who have lost loved ones may find it especially difficult to cope with the holidays, as memories of past celebrations can evoke deep sadness. For example, a person who has recently lost a family member may find it difficult to enjoy the holiday spirit while dealing with their absence.

In my experience, an emphasis on family union can also highlight stressed relationships. People who feel disconnected from their families may experience feelings of isolation during a time that is supposed to be one of connection and joy.

Ultimately, it is crucial to acknowledge these emotional challenges. It is important to encourage open conversations about mental health during the holidays, allowing people to express their feelings and seek support. By acknowledging the complexities of Christmas, we can create a more inclusive and understanding environment for everyone.

- Christmas vocabulary: https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/festivals-christmas.php

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Pros and cons of living in a big city

A writing exercise

Living in a big city has good and bad aspects. For example, Valencia, the third-largest city in Spain, is a vibrant and dynamic place to live. Known for its stunning architecture, rich cultural heritage, and beautiful Mediterranean coastline, Valencia offers a unique blend of traditional charm and modern amenities (facilities). The city is famous for its festivals, such as Las Fallas, and its delicious cuisine, including the world-renowned paella. With a pleasant climate, a thriving economy, and a high quality of life, Valencia attracts people from all over the world. However, like any big city, living in Valencia comes with its own set of positives and negatives. Let's look at some of them. 

Positive aspects (pros)

- Job opportunities: Big cities have many job opportunities. There are different sectors and companies, so you are more likely to find a job that suits your skills and interests.

- Services: Cities have many services, such as shopping centres, museums, cinemas, restaurants, theatres, parks,... You can enjoy a wide variety of activities and leisure options.

- Public transport: Public transport in big cities is usually well developed. You can easily move from one place to another without a car: buses, trams, metro, taxis,...

- Education and health: Big cities tend to have better education and health facilities. There are more schools, colleges, universities, health centres and hospitals with advanced services.

Negative aspects (cons)

- Cost of living (accommodation): Living in a big city can be expensive. Rent, food and other daily expenses tend to be higher than in smaller cities. This is something to consider if you live in Valencia, for example...

- Overcrowding: Big cities tend to be crowded. There are lots of people everywhere, which can lead to traffic jams and long waits.

- Pollution: Cities tend to have higher levels of pollution. This includes air pollution from vehicles and factories, as well as noise pollution from busy streets.

- Stress: The fast pace of life in big cities can be stressful. People often have very tight schedules and are pressured by work and other responsibilities.

In conclusion, living in a big city has its pros and cons. Although there are many opportunities and commodities, the high cost of living, overcrowding, pollution and stress can be a challenge. It is important to weigh these factors and decide what best suits your lifestyle.

So which do you prefer, living in a big city or in a small town?...

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Homelessness in Valencia: Challenges and Solutions

A writing exercise

Homelessness in Valencia is a pressing problem that affects many individuals and families. Homelessness can be due to a variety of factors, such as financial hardship, lack of affordable housing (a real problem in Valencia...) and personal circumstances such as mental health problems or family breakdown.

In Valencia, the local government and various non-profit organisations work tirelessly (some more than others...) to provide support and resources to the homeless population. Shelters and temporary accommodation provide a safe place to stay, while food banks and soup kitchens ensure that basic nutritional needs are met. In addition, outreach programmes aim to connect homeless people with essential services, such as health care and job training, to help them regain stability and independence.

Despite these efforts, problems remain. Demand for affordable housing continues to exceed supply, making it difficult for many to find permanent housing, not to mention social renting). In addition, the stigma attached to homelessness can make it difficult for people to access the help they need.

Tackling homelessness in Valencia requires a multi-faceted approach. This includes increasing the availability of affordable housing, providing comprehensive support services and fostering a compassionate and inclusive community. Working together, we can make a significant difference to the lives of those affected by homelessness and move towards a more equitable society.

Some non-profit organizations in Valencia that work with homelessness

- Casa Caridad: Founded in 1906, this organization provides essential services such as shelter, meals, and social support to those in need.

- Hogar Sí (formerly RAIS Fundación): This organization focuses on ending street homelessness through initiatives like the Housing First program - World Habitat](https://world-habitat.org/our-programmes/homelessness/campaign-beginnings/campaign-cities/valencia-spain/).

- Fundación Proyecto Vivir: While primarily focused on supporting vulnerable women, this organization also addresses issues related to homelessness.

- Valencia City Council's Social Services: They have various initiatives and programs aimed at supporting the homeless population.

- World Habitat: They have worked with local organizations like Hogar Sí to implement the Housing First program in Valencia - World Habitat](https://world-habitat.org/our-programmes/homelessness/campaign-beginnings/campaign-cities/valencia-spain/).

- Fundación Proyecto Vivir: This organization focuses on supporting vulnerable women, including those experiencing homelessness.

These organizations are dedicated to providing support and resources to those in need.

Related vocabulary words and examples for discussing the homeless situation in Valencia

- Homelessness: The state of having no home.

Example: "Homelessness is a growing issue in many urban areas, including Valencia."

- Shelter: A place providing temporary accommodation for the homeless.

Example: "The local shelter offers beds and meals to those in need."

- Affordable housing: Housing that is reasonably priced and accessible to people with low incomes.

Example: "Increasing the availability of affordable housing is crucial to reducing homelessness."

- Outreach programs: Services designed to reach and assist people in need.

Example: "Outreach programs help connect homeless individuals with essential services."

- Non-profit organizations: Organizations that operate for the benefit of the public without profit motives.

Example: "Several non-profit organizations in Valencia work to support the homeless community."

- Economic hardship: Financial difficulties that make it hard to meet basic needs.

Example: "Economic hardship is one of the main causes of homelessness."

- Mental health issues: Psychological conditions that can affect a person's thinking, feeling, and behavior.

Example: "Mental health issues can contribute to homelessness if not properly addressed."

- Temporary housing: Short-term accommodation provided to those in need.

Example: "Temporary housing can provide immediate relief for homeless individuals."

- Stigma: A mark of disgrace associated with a particular condition or circumstance.

Example: "The stigma surrounding homelessness can prevent people from seeking help."

- Social services: Public services provided to support individuals and communities in need.

Example: "Social services play a vital role in assisting the homeless population."

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A writing on the rich-poor divide problem

For the next class I would like to discuss the rich poor divide problem in the big cities, so please can you write a 150 word essay about this topic.

Here is some vocabulary to help you:

- navigate-c1-wordlist-a-z.pdf
- business-phrasal-verbs
- Phrasal-verbs-with-set-in-english.jpg

The writing

The gap between rich and poor, also known as economic inequality, is a pressing problem affecting societies around the world. This gap refers to the significant disparity in wealth and income between the richest and poorest individuals in a society. It has far-reaching consequences, ranging from social cohesion to economic stability.

One of the main causes of the gap between rich and poor is the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. Rich people tend to have access to better education, health care and job opportunities, allowing them to accumulate more wealth over time: the rich live better and longer lives, in general.... In contrast, people from poorer backgrounds may find it difficult to access these same opportunities, perpetuating a cycle of poverty.

The consequences of economic inequality are profound. It can lead to social unrest, as those who feel excluded may become disillusioned with the system. In addition, high levels of inequality can hinder economic growth, as large parts of the population may lack the means to contribute effectively to the economy.

Dealing with the divide between rich and poor requires a comprehensive policy response. Governments can play a crucial role by implementing progressive taxation, investing in education and health, and creating social safety nets to support the most vulnerable. So I believe that promoting equality of opportunity is the key to trying to counteract this divide.

Appendix: Business phrasal verbs

- Branch out: To expand into new areas or activities.

Example: "The company decided to branch out into the European market."

- Carry on: To continue doing something.

Example: "Despite the challenges, they decided to carry on with the project."

- Close down: To stop operating permanently.

Example: "The store had to close down due to financial difficulties."

- Look forward to: To anticipate something with pleasure.

Example: "We look forward to your visit next month."

- Note down: To write something down to remember it.

Example: "Please note down the key points from the meeting."

- Step down: To resign from a position or office.

Example: "The CEO decided to step down after ten years in the role."

- Carry out: To perform or complete a task.

 Example: "They will carry out a thorough investigation."

- Take off: To become successful or popular quickly.

Example: "The new product really took off after the marketing campaign."

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